Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant Plutella xylostella Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
The potential impacts on natural enemies of crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are an important part of an environmental risk assessment. Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these no...
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description | The potential impacts on natural enemies of crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are an important part of an environmental risk assessment. Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these nontarget organisms should be investigated to avoid disruption of their biological control function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cry1Ac-expressing transgenic Bt broccoli on the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), under tri-trophic conditions. Using Cry1Ac-resistant Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as hosts, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1Acexpressing Bt broccoli on several fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora. Virulence, reproductive potential, time of emergence, and preference of H. bacteriophora for the host (P. xylostella) were not significantly affected when Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella larvae were reared on leaves of Cry1Ac or non-Bt broccoli. Also the aforementioned parameters of the subsequent generation of H. bacteriophora did not differ between nematodes obtained from P. xylostella reared on Cry1Ac broccoli compared with those obtained from P. xylostella reared on non-Bt broccoli. To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the first clear evidence that Cry1Ac does not affect important fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora. |
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Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these nontarget organisms should be investigated to avoid disruption of their biological control function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cry1Ac-expressing transgenic Bt broccoli on the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), under tri-trophic conditions. Using Cry1Ac-resistant Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as hosts, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1Acexpressing Bt broccoli on several fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora. Virulence, reproductive potential, time of emergence, and preference of H. bacteriophora for the host (P. xylostella) were not significantly affected when Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella larvae were reared on leaves of Cry1Ac or non-Bt broccoli. Also the aforementioned parameters of the subsequent generation of H. bacteriophora did not differ between nematodes obtained from P. xylostella reared on Cry1Ac broccoli compared with those obtained from P. xylostella reared on non-Bt broccoli. To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the first clear evidence that Cry1Ac does not affect important fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/EC13310</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24665692</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL ; Biological control ; biosafety ; Brassica ; Broccoli ; Crops ; Cry1Ac ; Cry1Ac toxin ; Disruption ; Endotoxins ; Entomopathogenic nematodes ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental risk ; Fitness ; Hemolysin Proteins ; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides ; Larva - parasitology ; Larvae ; Moths - parasitology ; Natural enemies ; Nematodes ; nontarget effect ; Nontarget organisms ; Pest resistance ; Pests ; Plutella xylostella ; Reproduction ; Rhabditida - pathogenicity ; Risk assessment ; Tri-trophic interactions ; Vegetables ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 2014-02, Vol.107 (1), p.115-120</ispartof><rights>2014 Entomological Society of America</rights><rights>2014 Entomological Society of America 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b399t-570eabf3658ab7ffc69b8a8a2785fa35833d6c430934944da960a166a453d50d3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24665692$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gautam, Saurabh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olmstead, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Jun-Ce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, Hilda L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelton, Anthony M.</creatorcontrib><title>Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant Plutella xylostella Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><description>The potential impacts on natural enemies of crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are an important part of an environmental risk assessment. Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these nontarget organisms should be investigated to avoid disruption of their biological control function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cry1Ac-expressing transgenic Bt broccoli on the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), under tri-trophic conditions. Using Cry1Ac-resistant Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as hosts, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1Acexpressing Bt broccoli on several fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora. Virulence, reproductive potential, time of emergence, and preference of H. bacteriophora for the host (P. xylostella) were not significantly affected when Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella larvae were reared on leaves of Cry1Ac or non-Bt broccoli. Also the aforementioned parameters of the subsequent generation of H. bacteriophora did not differ between nematodes obtained from P. xylostella reared on Cry1Ac broccoli compared with those obtained from P. xylostella reared on non-Bt broccoli. To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the first clear evidence that Cry1Ac does not affect important fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>biosafety</subject><subject>Brassica</subject><subject>Broccoli</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cry1Ac</subject><subject>Cry1Ac toxin</subject><subject>Disruption</subject><subject>Endotoxins</subject><subject>Entomopathogenic nematodes</subject><subject>Environmental assessment</subject><subject>Environmental risk</subject><subject>Fitness</subject><subject>Hemolysin Proteins</subject><subject>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Larva - parasitology</subject><subject>Larvae</subject><subject>Moths - parasitology</subject><subject>Natural enemies</subject><subject>Nematodes</subject><subject>nontarget effect</subject><subject>Nontarget organisms</subject><subject>Pest resistance</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Plutella xylostella</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Rhabditida - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Tri-trophic interactions</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><issn>0022-0493</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp90dGK1DAUBuAgijuu4htIUEQvrCZNmzaXw-zoCssqOgvelbQ52cnS9tQkXZwn8jXN0tELQXOTkHz8Ockh5Clnb7lk4t12w4Xg7B5ZcSXqLFf8232yYizPM1YocUIehXDDGJc5Zw_JSV5IWUqVr8jPnXfZzuO0dx39GmfjINCr4MZruvEHvu6yLxBciHqM9HM_R-h7TX8cegzL8gwGHEP0OgK9RLo2t-AD0K210MVA0R5jKI407tPBGHHAScc9XsOY7ryEQUc08IaeQwSPfq9b46ILtNVd2nCpNPT6MXlgdR_gyXE-JVfvt7vNeXbx6cPHzfoia4VSMSsrBrq1Qpa1bitrO6naWtc6r-rSalHWQhjZFYIpUaiiMFpJprmUuiiFKZkRp-T1kjt5_D5DiM3gQnf31BFwDg0vOau44DVL9MVf9AZnP6bqmjx9sKirNJJ6tajOYwgebDN5N2h_aDhr7nrXHHuX5LNj3twOYP64381K4PkCcJ7-k_JyQa1DHOGf7hct_atG</recordid><startdate>201402</startdate><enddate>201402</enddate><creator>Gautam, Saurabh</creator><creator>Olmstead, Daniel</creator><creator>Tian, Jun-Ce</creator><creator>Collins, Hilda L.</creator><creator>Shelton, Anthony M.</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201402</creationdate><title>Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant Plutella xylostella Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</title><author>Gautam, Saurabh ; 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Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these nontarget organisms should be investigated to avoid disruption of their biological control function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cry1Ac-expressing transgenic Bt broccoli on the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), under tri-trophic conditions. Using Cry1Ac-resistant Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as hosts, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1Acexpressing Bt broccoli on several fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora. Virulence, reproductive potential, time of emergence, and preference of H. bacteriophora for the host (P. xylostella) were not significantly affected when Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella larvae were reared on leaves of Cry1Ac or non-Bt broccoli. Also the aforementioned parameters of the subsequent generation of H. bacteriophora did not differ between nematodes obtained from P. xylostella reared on Cry1Ac broccoli compared with those obtained from P. xylostella reared on non-Bt broccoli. To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the first clear evidence that Cry1Ac does not affect important fitness parameters of H. bacteriophora.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>24665692</pmid><doi>10.1603/EC13310</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Bacterial Proteins BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL Biological control biosafety Brassica Broccoli Crops Cry1Ac Cry1Ac toxin Disruption Endotoxins Entomopathogenic nematodes Environmental assessment Environmental risk Fitness Hemolysin Proteins Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Insecticide Resistance Insecticides Larva - parasitology Larvae Moths - parasitology Natural enemies Nematodes nontarget effect Nontarget organisms Pest resistance Pests Plutella xylostella Reproduction Rhabditida - pathogenicity Risk assessment Tri-trophic interactions Vegetables Virulence |
title | Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant Plutella xylostella Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora |
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