Source Identification of Particulate Matter in a Semi-urban Area of Malaysia Using Multivariate Techniques
This study aims to determine the composition and sources of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) in a semi-urban area. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a high volume sampler. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2014-03, Vol.92 (3), p.317-322 |
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| creator | Wahid, N. B. A Latif, M. T Suan, L. S Dominick, D Sahani, M Jaafar, S. A Mohd Tahir, N |
| description | This study aims to determine the composition and sources of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) in a semi-urban area. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a high volume sampler. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while anions (SO₄ ²⁻, NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻) were analysed using Ion Chromatography. Principle component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to identify the source apportionment of PM₁₀. Results showed the average concentration of PM₁₀ was 29.5 ± 5.1 μg/m³. The heavy metals found were dominated by Fe, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd and Ni. Na⁺ was the dominant cation, followed by Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, whereas SO₄ ²⁻ was the dominant anion, followed by NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻. The main sources of PM₁₀ were the Earth’s crust/road dust, followed by vehicle emissions, industrial emissions/road activity, and construction/biomass burning. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00128-014-1201-1 |
| format | Article |
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B. A ; Latif, M. T ; Suan, L. S ; Dominick, D ; Sahani, M ; Jaafar, S. A ; Mohd Tahir, N</creator><creatorcontrib>Wahid, N. B. A ; Latif, M. T ; Suan, L. S ; Dominick, D ; Sahani, M ; Jaafar, S. A ; Mohd Tahir, N</creatorcontrib><description>This study aims to determine the composition and sources of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) in a semi-urban area. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a high volume sampler. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while anions (SO₄ ²⁻, NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻) were analysed using Ion Chromatography. Principle component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to identify the source apportionment of PM₁₀. Results showed the average concentration of PM₁₀ was 29.5 ± 5.1 μg/m³. The heavy metals found were dominated by Fe, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd and Ni. Na⁺ was the dominant cation, followed by Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, whereas SO₄ ²⁻ was the dominant anion, followed by NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻. The main sources of PM₁₀ were the Earth’s crust/road dust, followed by vehicle emissions, industrial emissions/road activity, and construction/biomass burning.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-4861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0800</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1201-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24435135</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BECTA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data ; Airborne particulates ; Anions ; Applied sciences ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric pollution ; burning ; Cadmium ; calcium ; Cations ; chlorides ; Copper ; Dispersed sources and other ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; emissions ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; fluorine ; Heavy metals ; Industrial emissions ; ion exchange chromatography ; iron ; Lead ; Lead (metal) ; linear models ; magnesium ; Malaysia ; manganese ; Mass spectrometry ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nickel ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; particulates ; Pollution ; Pollution sources ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; potassium ; Principal components analysis ; Regression analysis ; Roads ; sodium ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Toxicology ; Urban areas ; Vehicle emissions ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; zinc</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2014-03, Vol.92 (3), p.317-322</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-46be367509557d8fffeebae0a9e668f1265a32fb0df212268ca7b20a80cea4573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-46be367509557d8fffeebae0a9e668f1265a32fb0df212268ca7b20a80cea4573</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00128-014-1201-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00128-014-1201-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28259409$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24435135$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wahid, N. B. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, M. T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suan, L. S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dominick, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahani, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaafar, S. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohd Tahir, N</creatorcontrib><title>Source Identification of Particulate Matter in a Semi-urban Area of Malaysia Using Multivariate Techniques</title><title>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</title><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><description>This study aims to determine the composition and sources of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) in a semi-urban area. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a high volume sampler. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while anions (SO₄ ²⁻, NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻) were analysed using Ion Chromatography. Principle component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to identify the source apportionment of PM₁₀. Results showed the average concentration of PM₁₀ was 29.5 ± 5.1 μg/m³. The heavy metals found were dominated by Fe, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd and Ni. Na⁺ was the dominant cation, followed by Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, whereas SO₄ ²⁻ was the dominant anion, followed by NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻. The main sources of PM₁₀ were the Earth’s crust/road dust, followed by vehicle emissions, industrial emissions/road activity, and construction/biomass burning.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Airborne particulates</subject><subject>Anions</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>burning</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>calcium</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>chlorides</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Dispersed sources and other</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>emissions</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>fluorine</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Industrial emissions</subject><subject>ion exchange chromatography</subject><subject>iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead (metal)</subject><subject>linear models</subject><subject>magnesium</subject><subject>Malaysia</subject><subject>manganese</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>particulates</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Pollution sources. Measurement results</subject><subject>potassium</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Roads</subject><subject>sodium</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Vehicle emissions</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>zinc</subject><issn>0007-4861</issn><issn>1432-0800</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk9v1DAQxSMEotvCB-AClhASl8CMYyfOsaqgVOoKpO2erYnXXrzKOsVOKvXb4yjLH3HgNIf5vTejeVMUrxA-IEDzMQEgVyWgKJEDlvikWKGoeAkK4GmxggyVQtV4VpyndMi0VJw_L864EJXESq6Kw2aYorHsZmfD6J03NPohsMGxbxRHb6aeRsvWNI42Mh8YsY09-nKKHQV2GS3N6Jp6ekye2Db5sGfrqR_9A0U_S--s-R78j8mmF8UzR32yL0_1oth-_nR39aW8_Xp9c3V5Wxoh27EUdWerupHQStnslHPO2o4sUGvrWjnktaSKuw52jiPntTLUdBxIgbEkZFNdFO8X3_s4zHNHffTJ2L6nYIcpaZQgK6FQYUbf_oMe8jlC3k6jaGvVVIiQKVwoE4eUonX6PvojxUeNoOcg9BKEzkHoOQg9O78-OU_d0e5-K35dPgPvTgAlQ72LFIxPfzjFZSugzRxfuJRbYW_jXyv-Z_qbReRo0LSP2Xi7yS2RP0I2KHj1EwJJqII</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Wahid, N. 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Measurement results</topic><topic>potassium</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Roads</topic><topic>sodium</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Vehicle emissions</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wahid, N. B. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, M. T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suan, L. S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dominick, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahani, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaafar, S. 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B. A</au><au>Latif, M. T</au><au>Suan, L. S</au><au>Dominick, D</au><au>Sahani, M</au><au>Jaafar, S. A</au><au>Mohd Tahir, N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Source Identification of Particulate Matter in a Semi-urban Area of Malaysia Using Multivariate Techniques</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle><stitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</stitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>317</spage><epage>322</epage><pages>317-322</pages><issn>0007-4861</issn><eissn>1432-0800</eissn><coden>BECTA6</coden><abstract>This study aims to determine the composition and sources of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) in a semi-urban area. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a high volume sampler. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while anions (SO₄ ²⁻, NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻) were analysed using Ion Chromatography. Principle component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to identify the source apportionment of PM₁₀. Results showed the average concentration of PM₁₀ was 29.5 ± 5.1 μg/m³. The heavy metals found were dominated by Fe, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd and Ni. Na⁺ was the dominant cation, followed by Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, whereas SO₄ ²⁻ was the dominant anion, followed by NO₃ ⁻, Cl⁻ and F⁻. The main sources of PM₁₀ were the Earth’s crust/road dust, followed by vehicle emissions, industrial emissions/road activity, and construction/biomass burning.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>24435135</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00128-014-1201-1</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data Airborne particulates Anions Applied sciences Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric pollution burning Cadmium calcium Cations chlorides Copper Dispersed sources and other Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology emissions Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology fluorine Heavy metals Industrial emissions ion exchange chromatography iron Lead Lead (metal) linear models magnesium Malaysia manganese Mass spectrometry Metals, Heavy - analysis Multivariate Analysis Nickel Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis particulates Pollution Pollution sources Pollution sources. Measurement results potassium Principal components analysis Regression analysis Roads sodium Soil Science & Conservation Toxicology Urban areas Vehicle emissions Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control zinc |
| title | Source Identification of Particulate Matter in a Semi-urban Area of Malaysia Using Multivariate Techniques |
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