Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China
This study investigated health risks exerted on electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers exposed to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in Hong Kong. E-waste recycling workshops were classified into eight working areas: 1 = office, 2 = re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2014-03, Vol.21 (5), p.3813-3825 |
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| creator | Lau, Winifred Ka Yan Liang, Peng Man, Yu Bon Chung, Shan Shan Wong, Ming Hung |
| description | This study investigated health risks exerted on electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers exposed to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in Hong Kong. E-waste recycling workshops were classified into eight working areas: 1 = office, 2 = repair, 3 = dismantling, 4 = storage, 5 = desoldering, 6 = loading, 7 = cable shredding, and 8 = chemical waste. The aforementioned metal concentrations were analyzed in suspended air particulates, surface dust and floor dust collected from the above study areas in five workshops. Elevated Pb levels were measured in dismantling and desoldering areas (582 and 486 μg/100 cm² in surface and 3,610 and 19,172 mg/kg in floor dust, respectively). Blood lead levels of 10 and 39.5 μg/dl were estimated using United States Environmental Protection Agency's Adult Lead Model as a result of exposure to the floor dust from these two areas. Human health risk assessments were conducted to evaluate cancer and noncancer risks resulting from exposure to floor dust through the combined pathways of ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Findings indicated that workers may be exposed to cancer risks above the acceptable range at 147 in a million at the 95th percentile in the dismantling area. Workers should be informed of associated risks to safeguard their health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-013-2372-8 |
| format | Article |
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E-waste recycling workshops were classified into eight working areas: 1 = office, 2 = repair, 3 = dismantling, 4 = storage, 5 = desoldering, 6 = loading, 7 = cable shredding, and 8 = chemical waste. The aforementioned metal concentrations were analyzed in suspended air particulates, surface dust and floor dust collected from the above study areas in five workshops. Elevated Pb levels were measured in dismantling and desoldering areas (582 and 486 μg/100 cm² in surface and 3,610 and 19,172 mg/kg in floor dust, respectively). Blood lead levels of 10 and 39.5 μg/dl were estimated using United States Environmental Protection Agency's Adult Lead Model as a result of exposure to the floor dust from these two areas. Human health risk assessments were conducted to evaluate cancer and noncancer risks resulting from exposure to floor dust through the combined pathways of ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Findings indicated that workers may be exposed to cancer risks above the acceptable range at 147 in a million at the 95th percentile in the dismantling area. Workers should be informed of associated risks to safeguard their health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2372-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24288065</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adult ; air ; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis ; Airborne particulates ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Batteries ; blood ; Blood levels ; breathing ; Cadmium ; Chemical wastes ; China - epidemiology ; Chromium ; Copper ; Dust ; Dust - analysis ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Electronic Waste ; Electronics ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Environmental protection ; Environmental Protection Agency ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Hong Kong ; human health ; Humans ; Informal economy ; Ingestion ; Inhalation ; labor ; Lead ; Lead content ; Mercury ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Nickel ; Occupational exposure ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; Occupational health ; Occupational safety ; particulates ; Recycling ; Recycling centers ; Research Article ; risk ; Risk Assessment ; shredding ; Statistical analysis ; Trace metals ; Waste materials ; Waste recycling ; Waste Water Technology ; wastes ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Workshops ; zinc</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2014-03, Vol.21 (5), p.3813-3825</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-a00c35073e248cc8ecbbbd927f57d28abf1597077acc84d42a3ba0161acebff53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-a00c35073e248cc8ecbbbd927f57d28abf1597077acc84d42a3ba0161acebff53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-013-2372-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-013-2372-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288065$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lau, Winifred Ka Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Man, Yu Bon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Shan Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ming Hung</creatorcontrib><title>Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>This study investigated health risks exerted on electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers exposed to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in Hong Kong. E-waste recycling workshops were classified into eight working areas: 1 = office, 2 = repair, 3 = dismantling, 4 = storage, 5 = desoldering, 6 = loading, 7 = cable shredding, and 8 = chemical waste. The aforementioned metal concentrations were analyzed in suspended air particulates, surface dust and floor dust collected from the above study areas in five workshops. Elevated Pb levels were measured in dismantling and desoldering areas (582 and 486 μg/100 cm² in surface and 3,610 and 19,172 mg/kg in floor dust, respectively). Blood lead levels of 10 and 39.5 μg/dl were estimated using United States Environmental Protection Agency's Adult Lead Model as a result of exposure to the floor dust from these two areas. Human health risk assessments were conducted to evaluate cancer and noncancer risks resulting from exposure to floor dust through the combined pathways of ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Findings indicated that workers may be exposed to cancer risks above the acceptable range at 147 in a million at the 95th percentile in the dismantling area. Workers should be informed of associated risks to safeguard their health.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>air</subject><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</subject><subject>Airborne particulates</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Batteries</subject><subject>blood</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>breathing</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Chemical wastes</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electronic Waste</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Environmental Protection Agency</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hong Kong</subject><subject>human health</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Informal economy</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>labor</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead content</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Occupational exposure</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Occupational safety</subject><subject>particulates</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Recycling centers</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>shredding</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Trace metals</subject><subject>Waste materials</subject><subject>Waste recycling</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>wastes</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China</title><author>Lau, Winifred Ka Yan ; Liang, Peng ; Man, Yu Bon ; Chung, Shan Shan ; Wong, Ming Hung</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-a00c35073e248cc8ecbbbd927f57d28abf1597077acc84d42a3ba0161acebff53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>air</topic><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</topic><topic>Airborne particulates</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Batteries</topic><topic>blood</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>breathing</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Chemical wastes</topic><topic>China - 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epidemiology</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Occupational exposure</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Occupational health</topic><topic>Occupational safety</topic><topic>particulates</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>Recycling centers</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>shredding</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Trace metals</topic><topic>Waste materials</topic><topic>Waste recycling</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>wastes</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Workshops</topic><topic>zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lau, Winifred Ka Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Man, Yu Bon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Shan Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ming 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Yan</au><au>Liang, Peng</au><au>Man, Yu Bon</au><au>Chung, Shan Shan</au><au>Wong, Ming Hung</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>3813</spage><epage>3825</epage><pages>3813-3825</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>This study investigated health risks exerted on electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers exposed to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in Hong Kong. E-waste recycling workshops were classified into eight working areas: 1 = office, 2 = repair, 3 = dismantling, 4 = storage, 5 = desoldering, 6 = loading, 7 = cable shredding, and 8 = chemical waste. The aforementioned metal concentrations were analyzed in suspended air particulates, surface dust and floor dust collected from the above study areas in five workshops. Elevated Pb levels were measured in dismantling and desoldering areas (582 and 486 μg/100 cm² in surface and 3,610 and 19,172 mg/kg in floor dust, respectively). Blood lead levels of 10 and 39.5 μg/dl were estimated using United States Environmental Protection Agency's Adult Lead Model as a result of exposure to the floor dust from these two areas. Human health risk assessments were conducted to evaluate cancer and noncancer risks resulting from exposure to floor dust through the combined pathways of ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Findings indicated that workers may be exposed to cancer risks above the acceptable range at 147 in a million at the 95th percentile in the dismantling area. Workers should be informed of associated risks to safeguard their health.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>24288065</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-013-2372-8</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult air Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Airborne particulates Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Batteries blood Blood levels breathing Cadmium Chemical wastes China - epidemiology Chromium Copper Dust Dust - analysis Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Electronic Waste Electronics Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental protection Environmental Protection Agency Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Hong Kong human health Humans Informal economy Ingestion Inhalation labor Lead Lead content Mercury Metal concentrations Metals Metals, Heavy - analysis Neoplasms - epidemiology Nickel Occupational exposure Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupational health Occupational safety particulates Recycling Recycling centers Research Article risk Risk Assessment shredding Statistical analysis Trace metals Waste materials Waste recycling Waste Water Technology wastes Water Management Water Pollution Control Workshops zinc |
| title | Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China |
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