How Experts Practice: A Novel Test of Deliberate Practice Theory
Performance improvement is thought to occur through engagement in deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is predicted to be challenging, effortful, and not inherently enjoyable. Expert and intermediate level Gaelic football players executed two types of kicks during an acquisition phase and pre-,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition memory, and cognition, 2014-03, Vol.40 (2), p.449-458 |
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| container_title | Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition |
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| creator | Coughlan, Edward K. Williams, A. Mark McRobert, Allistair P. Ford, Paul R. |
| description | Performance improvement is thought to occur through engagement in deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is predicted to be challenging, effortful, and not inherently enjoyable. Expert and intermediate level Gaelic football players executed two types of kicks during an acquisition phase and pre-, post-, and retention tests. During acquisition, participants self-selected how they practiced and rated the characteristics of deliberate practice for effort and enjoyment. The expert group predominantly practiced the skill they were weaker at and improved its performance across pre-, post- and retention tests. Participants in the expert group also rated their practice as more effortful and less enjoyable compared to those in the intermediate group. In contrast, participants in the intermediate group predominantly practiced the skill they were stronger at and improved their performance from pretest to posttest but not on the retention test. Findings provide support for deliberate practice theory and give some insight into how experts practice and improve their performance beyond its current level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0034302 |
| format | Article |
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In contrast, participants in the intermediate group predominantly practiced the skill they were stronger at and improved their performance from pretest to posttest but not on the retention test. Findings provide support for deliberate practice theory and give some insight into how experts practice and improve their performance beyond its current level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-7393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/a0034302</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24001022</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Achievement Gains ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Biological and medical sciences ; Control Groups ; Drills (Practice) ; Experience Level ; Experimental Groups ; Experimental psychology ; Expertise ; Football - psychology ; Foreign Countries ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Human ; Humans ; Intentional Learning ; Ireland ; Learner Engagement ; Learning ; Learning. Memory ; Male ; Males ; Physical Activities ; Practice ; Practice (Psychology) ; Praxis ; Pretests Posttests ; Professional Competence ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Recreation ; Retention ; Retention (Psychology) - physiology ; Scores ; Skill Development ; Skill Learning ; Soccer ; Specialists ; Sport Psychology ; Statistical Analysis ; Statistics as Topic ; Team Sports ; Theories ; Theory Practice Relationship ; Training Methods ; Tukeys Test ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental psychology. 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Participants in the expert group also rated their practice as more effortful and less enjoyable compared to those in the intermediate group. In contrast, participants in the intermediate group predominantly practiced the skill they were stronger at and improved their performance from pretest to posttest but not on the retention test. Findings provide support for deliberate practice theory and give some insight into how experts practice and improve their performance beyond its current level.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Achievement Gains</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Performance</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Control Groups</subject><subject>Drills (Practice)</subject><subject>Experience Level</subject><subject>Experimental Groups</subject><subject>Experimental psychology</subject><subject>Expertise</subject><subject>Football - psychology</subject><subject>Foreign Countries</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intentional Learning</subject><subject>Ireland</subject><subject>Learner Engagement</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Learning. Memory</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Physical Activities</subject><subject>Practice</subject><subject>Practice (Psychology)</subject><subject>Praxis</subject><subject>Pretests Posttests</subject><subject>Professional Competence</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Recreation</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Retention (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Scores</subject><subject>Skill Development</subject><subject>Skill Learning</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Specialists</subject><subject>Sport Psychology</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><subject>Statistics as Topic</subject><subject>Team Sports</subject><subject>Theories</subject><subject>Theory Practice Relationship</subject><subject>Training Methods</subject><subject>Tukeys Test</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0278-7393</issn><issn>1939-1285</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90VFr2zAQB3AxNtYsG_QLbBjKYDDcSjrZlvbU0mVrS1n3kD6Ls3JiLk7sSfbWfPsqJE2hDxUIPdyP0_E_xg4FPxYcqhPkHBRw-YpNhAGTC6mL12zCZaXzCgwcsHcx3vHNAf2WHUjFueBSTtjpRfc_m933FIaY_Q7ohsbRt-ws-9X9ozabUxyyzmffqW1qCjjQHmXzP9SF9Xv2xmMb6cPunbLbH7P5-UV-ffPz8vzsOkdViiFXWBslNYcFeu4FuJJq8KLWC0BjALUUpSbnlAP0Sqvaq4WowElvNKjKw5R92fbtQ_d3TGPZZRMdtS2uqBujFQWXIEuoINGjZ_SuG8MqTbdRSgulC_2iSlmCKWRZPX3rQhdjIG_70CwxrK3gdpO9fcw-0U-7hmO9pMUePoadwOcdwOiw9QFXrolPTqfxRbpT9nHrKDRuX55dCV6UqlCp_nVbxx5tH9cOQ1pIS9GNIdBqsPft0ipupVXKwAMRRqAE</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Coughlan, Edward K.</creator><creator>Williams, A. 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Learning, memory, and cognition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Coughlan, Edward K.</au><au>Williams, A. Mark</au><au>McRobert, Allistair P.</au><au>Ford, Paul R.</au><au>Greene, Robert L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1056454</ericid><atitle>How Experts Practice: A Novel Test of Deliberate Practice Theory</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn</addtitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>449</spage><epage>458</epage><pages>449-458</pages><issn>0278-7393</issn><eissn>1939-1285</eissn><abstract>Performance improvement is thought to occur through engagement in deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is predicted to be challenging, effortful, and not inherently enjoyable. 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| subjects | Accuracy Achievement Gains Athletes Athletic Performance Biological and medical sciences Control Groups Drills (Practice) Experience Level Experimental Groups Experimental psychology Expertise Football - psychology Foreign Countries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Intentional Learning Ireland Learner Engagement Learning Learning. Memory Male Males Physical Activities Practice Practice (Psychology) Praxis Pretests Posttests Professional Competence Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychomotor Performance - physiology Recreation Retention Retention (Psychology) - physiology Scores Skill Development Skill Learning Soccer Specialists Sport Psychology Statistical Analysis Statistics as Topic Team Sports Theories Theory Practice Relationship Training Methods Tukeys Test Young Adult |
| title | How Experts Practice: A Novel Test of Deliberate Practice Theory |
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