Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis
Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) ( E. hirta ) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Inflammopharmacology 2013-10, Vol.21 (5), p.365-375 |
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| creator | Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh Sultan, Phalisteen Ashour, Abdelkader E. Khan, Tajdar Husain Attia, Sabry M. Bakheet, Saleh A. Abd-Allah, Adel R. A. |
| description | Euphorbia hirta
L. (Euphorbiaceae) (
E. hirta
) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic activity of fresh leaves of
E. hirta
ethanol extract that was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats (Wistar) by the subplantar injection of 0.05 ml freshly prepared suspension (5.0 mg/ml) of steam killed Mycobacterium tuberculli in liquid paraffin. Animals were treated with graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of
E. hirta
ethanol extract, p.o.
E. hirta
significantly inhibited the swelling of the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Moreover,
E. hirta
at higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed 40.54 ± 1.09 % of CD3+, 15.1 ± 0.76 % of CD4+, 12.2 ± 1.18 % of CD8+ T cell receptor and 17.6 ± 1.11 % gated of CD19+ B cell receptor revealing a down regulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis as compared to the corresponding valves of the arthritic control rats. According to the results shown in Tables
1
,
2
, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased in splenocytes of arthritic rats and this increased level was reduced by
E. hirta
. Also,
E. hirta
significantly down regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that
E. hirta
exhibits an improvement in adjuvant-induced arthritis through down regulation of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes functions. Such unique effects of
E. hirta
shown on adjuvant arthritis rat model may be advantageous to the long-term treatment of clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
Table 1
Effect of
E. hirta
and prednisolone (Pred) on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-1β (pg/ml)
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
323.56 ± 31.65
180.91 ± 24.12
E. hirta
25
311.19 ± 29.08*
171.43 ± 22.54*
E. hirta
50
287.12 ± 26.98*
164.54 ± 21.76**
E. hirta
100
243.12 ± 19.21***
157.30 ± 18.54***
E. hirta
200
215.21 ± 16.05***
138.43 ± 17.98***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
187.18 ± 15.21***
123.77 ± 15.12***
Normal control (NC)
–
54.12 ± 12.54
71.94 ± 12.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 10 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1500799776</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1500799776</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-4e3f12d66d255826c3e59eaa85f48190bebf10c1d1a3b83830ea91980106cb6e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kEFvFCEUx4mxsWvrB_BiOHoZfQ8WBo6madWkppf2TJiBcVlnYAVGs99eNls9enjhJfz-_-T9CHmL8AEB-o8FoVd9B8jaSOzEC7JBIVUnJKiXZAOaiW4rNbskr0vZA4DspX5FLhlnTHMBG_L7W3LrbGtIkaaJPu6QjseafoToC7XR0RCn2S6LrSkf6eJdOG2FDkd6ux52KQ_B0l3I1TayBcJiZ7ok5-dTnXX79ZeNtQvRraN31Oa6y6GGck0uJjsX_-b5vSJPd7ePN1-6-4fPX28-3Xcj7_vabT2fkDkpHRNCMTlyL7S3Volpq1DD4IcJYUSHlg-KKw7eatQKEOQ4SM-vyPtz7yGnn6sv1SyhjH6ebfRpLQZFE6l138uG4hkdcyol-8kccjsnHw2COfk2Z9-m-TYn30a0zLvn-nVocv4l_gpuADsDpX3F7z6bfVpzbCf_p_UP9l-MgA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1500799776</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh ; Sultan, Phalisteen ; Ashour, Abdelkader E. ; Khan, Tajdar Husain ; Attia, Sabry M. ; Bakheet, Saleh A. ; Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh ; Sultan, Phalisteen ; Ashour, Abdelkader E. ; Khan, Tajdar Husain ; Attia, Sabry M. ; Bakheet, Saleh A. ; Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Euphorbia hirta
L. (Euphorbiaceae) (
E. hirta
) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic activity of fresh leaves of
E. hirta
ethanol extract that was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats (Wistar) by the subplantar injection of 0.05 ml freshly prepared suspension (5.0 mg/ml) of steam killed Mycobacterium tuberculli in liquid paraffin. Animals were treated with graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of
E. hirta
ethanol extract, p.o.
E. hirta
significantly inhibited the swelling of the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Moreover,
E. hirta
at higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed 40.54 ± 1.09 % of CD3+, 15.1 ± 0.76 % of CD4+, 12.2 ± 1.18 % of CD8+ T cell receptor and 17.6 ± 1.11 % gated of CD19+ B cell receptor revealing a down regulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis as compared to the corresponding valves of the arthritic control rats. According to the results shown in Tables
1
,
2
, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased in splenocytes of arthritic rats and this increased level was reduced by
E. hirta
. Also,
E. hirta
significantly down regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that
E. hirta
exhibits an improvement in adjuvant-induced arthritis through down regulation of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes functions. Such unique effects of
E. hirta
shown on adjuvant arthritis rat model may be advantageous to the long-term treatment of clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
Table 1
Effect of
E. hirta
and prednisolone (Pred) on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-1β (pg/ml)
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
323.56 ± 31.65
180.91 ± 24.12
E. hirta
25
311.19 ± 29.08*
171.43 ± 22.54*
E. hirta
50
287.12 ± 26.98*
164.54 ± 21.76**
E. hirta
100
243.12 ± 19.21***
157.30 ± 18.54***
E. hirta
200
215.21 ± 16.05***
138.43 ± 17.98***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
187.18 ± 15.21***
123.77 ± 15.12***
Normal control (NC)
–
54.12 ± 12.54
71.94 ± 12.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control
Table 2
Effect of
E. hirta
and Prednisolone (Pred) on Con A-induced IL-2 and IFN-γ productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-2 (pg/ml)
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
235.98 ± 15.23
165.95 ± 13.87
E. hirta
25
225.12 ± 14.76**
154.76 ± 11.07**
E. hirta
50
207.76 ± 13.87**
134.76 ± 11.01**
E. hirta
100
189.98 ± 12.65 ***
110.64 ± 10.98***
E. hirta
200
157.84 ± 14.32 ***
98.54 ± 10.76***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
131.08 ± 13.31***
87.65 ± 10.61***
Normal control (NC)
–
78.12 ± 12.04
31.87 ± 10.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0925-4692</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1568-5608</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23229350</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: Springer Basel</publisher><subject>Allergology ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental - drug therapy ; Arthritis, Experimental - immunology ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cytokines - immunology ; Dermatology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Euphorbia - chemistry ; Euphorbia hirta ; Euphorbiaceae ; Female ; Gastroenterology ; Immunology ; Inflammation Mediators - immunology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects ; Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mycobacterium ; Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide - immunology ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Research Article ; Rheumatology ; Spleen - cytology ; Spleen - drug effects ; Spleen - immunology ; Th1 Cells - drug effects ; Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><ispartof>Inflammopharmacology, 2013-10, Vol.21 (5), p.365-375</ispartof><rights>Springer Basel 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-4e3f12d66d255826c3e59eaa85f48190bebf10c1d1a3b83830ea91980106cb6e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-4e3f12d66d255826c3e59eaa85f48190bebf10c1d1a3b83830ea91980106cb6e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229350$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sultan, Phalisteen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashour, Abdelkader E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Tajdar Husain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attia, Sabry M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakheet, Saleh A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis</title><title>Inflammopharmacology</title><addtitle>Inflammopharmacol</addtitle><addtitle>Inflammopharmacology</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Euphorbia hirta
L. (Euphorbiaceae) (
E. hirta
) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic activity of fresh leaves of
E. hirta
ethanol extract that was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats (Wistar) by the subplantar injection of 0.05 ml freshly prepared suspension (5.0 mg/ml) of steam killed Mycobacterium tuberculli in liquid paraffin. Animals were treated with graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of
E. hirta
ethanol extract, p.o.
E. hirta
significantly inhibited the swelling of the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Moreover,
E. hirta
at higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed 40.54 ± 1.09 % of CD3+, 15.1 ± 0.76 % of CD4+, 12.2 ± 1.18 % of CD8+ T cell receptor and 17.6 ± 1.11 % gated of CD19+ B cell receptor revealing a down regulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis as compared to the corresponding valves of the arthritic control rats. According to the results shown in Tables
1
,
2
, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased in splenocytes of arthritic rats and this increased level was reduced by
E. hirta
. Also,
E. hirta
significantly down regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that
E. hirta
exhibits an improvement in adjuvant-induced arthritis through down regulation of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes functions. Such unique effects of
E. hirta
shown on adjuvant arthritis rat model may be advantageous to the long-term treatment of clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
Table 1
Effect of
E. hirta
and prednisolone (Pred) on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-1β (pg/ml)
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
323.56 ± 31.65
180.91 ± 24.12
E. hirta
25
311.19 ± 29.08*
171.43 ± 22.54*
E. hirta
50
287.12 ± 26.98*
164.54 ± 21.76**
E. hirta
100
243.12 ± 19.21***
157.30 ± 18.54***
E. hirta
200
215.21 ± 16.05***
138.43 ± 17.98***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
187.18 ± 15.21***
123.77 ± 15.12***
Normal control (NC)
–
54.12 ± 12.54
71.94 ± 12.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control
Table 2
Effect of
E. hirta
and Prednisolone (Pred) on Con A-induced IL-2 and IFN-γ productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-2 (pg/ml)
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
235.98 ± 15.23
165.95 ± 13.87
E. hirta
25
225.12 ± 14.76**
154.76 ± 11.07**
E. hirta
50
207.76 ± 13.87**
134.76 ± 11.01**
E. hirta
100
189.98 ± 12.65 ***
110.64 ± 10.98***
E. hirta
200
157.84 ± 14.32 ***
98.54 ± 10.76***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
131.08 ± 13.31***
87.65 ± 10.61***
Normal control (NC)
–
78.12 ± 12.04
31.87 ± 10.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control]]></description><subject>Allergology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arthritis, Experimental - drug therapy</subject><subject>Arthritis, Experimental - immunology</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cytokines - immunology</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Euphorbia - chemistry</subject><subject>Euphorbia hirta</subject><subject>Euphorbiaceae</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Inflammation Mediators - immunology</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects</subject><subject>Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology</subject><subject>Medicine, Traditional</subject><subject>Mycobacterium</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - immunology</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Spleen - cytology</subject><subject>Spleen - drug effects</subject><subject>Spleen - immunology</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><issn>0925-4692</issn><issn>1568-5608</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFvFCEUx4mxsWvrB_BiOHoZfQ8WBo6madWkppf2TJiBcVlnYAVGs99eNls9enjhJfz-_-T9CHmL8AEB-o8FoVd9B8jaSOzEC7JBIVUnJKiXZAOaiW4rNbskr0vZA4DspX5FLhlnTHMBG_L7W3LrbGtIkaaJPu6QjseafoToC7XR0RCn2S6LrSkf6eJdOG2FDkd6ux52KQ_B0l3I1TayBcJiZ7ok5-dTnXX79ZeNtQvRraN31Oa6y6GGck0uJjsX_-b5vSJPd7ePN1-6-4fPX28-3Xcj7_vabT2fkDkpHRNCMTlyL7S3Volpq1DD4IcJYUSHlg-KKw7eatQKEOQ4SM-vyPtz7yGnn6sv1SyhjH6ebfRpLQZFE6l138uG4hkdcyol-8kccjsnHw2COfk2Z9-m-TYn30a0zLvn-nVocv4l_gpuADsDpX3F7z6bfVpzbCf_p_UP9l-MgA</recordid><startdate>20131001</startdate><enddate>20131001</enddate><creator>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh</creator><creator>Sultan, Phalisteen</creator><creator>Ashour, Abdelkader E.</creator><creator>Khan, Tajdar Husain</creator><creator>Attia, Sabry M.</creator><creator>Bakheet, Saleh A.</creator><creator>Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</creator><general>Springer Basel</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131001</creationdate><title>Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis</title><author>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh ; Sultan, Phalisteen ; Ashour, Abdelkader E. ; Khan, Tajdar Husain ; Attia, Sabry M. ; Bakheet, Saleh A. ; Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-4e3f12d66d255826c3e59eaa85f48190bebf10c1d1a3b83830ea91980106cb6e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Allergology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arthritis, Experimental - drug therapy</topic><topic>Arthritis, Experimental - immunology</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cytokines - immunology</topic><topic>Dermatology</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Euphorbia - chemistry</topic><topic>Euphorbia hirta</topic><topic>Euphorbiaceae</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Inflammation Mediators - immunology</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects</topic><topic>Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology</topic><topic>Medicine, Traditional</topic><topic>Mycobacterium</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - immunology</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - chemistry</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Spleen - cytology</topic><topic>Spleen - drug effects</topic><topic>Spleen - immunology</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sultan, Phalisteen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashour, Abdelkader E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Tajdar Husain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attia, Sabry M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakheet, Saleh A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Inflammopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fayaz Ahmad, Sheikh</au><au>Sultan, Phalisteen</au><au>Ashour, Abdelkader E.</au><au>Khan, Tajdar Husain</au><au>Attia, Sabry M.</au><au>Bakheet, Saleh A.</au><au>Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis</atitle><jtitle>Inflammopharmacology</jtitle><stitle>Inflammopharmacol</stitle><addtitle>Inflammopharmacology</addtitle><date>2013-10-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>365</spage><epage>375</epage><pages>365-375</pages><issn>0925-4692</issn><eissn>1568-5608</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Euphorbia hirta
L. (Euphorbiaceae) (
E. hirta
) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic activity of fresh leaves of
E. hirta
ethanol extract that was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats (Wistar) by the subplantar injection of 0.05 ml freshly prepared suspension (5.0 mg/ml) of steam killed Mycobacterium tuberculli in liquid paraffin. Animals were treated with graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of
E. hirta
ethanol extract, p.o.
E. hirta
significantly inhibited the swelling of the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Moreover,
E. hirta
at higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed 40.54 ± 1.09 % of CD3+, 15.1 ± 0.76 % of CD4+, 12.2 ± 1.18 % of CD8+ T cell receptor and 17.6 ± 1.11 % gated of CD19+ B cell receptor revealing a down regulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis as compared to the corresponding valves of the arthritic control rats. According to the results shown in Tables
1
,
2
, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased in splenocytes of arthritic rats and this increased level was reduced by
E. hirta
. Also,
E. hirta
significantly down regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that
E. hirta
exhibits an improvement in adjuvant-induced arthritis through down regulation of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes functions. Such unique effects of
E. hirta
shown on adjuvant arthritis rat model may be advantageous to the long-term treatment of clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
Table 1
Effect of
E. hirta
and prednisolone (Pred) on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-1β (pg/ml)
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
323.56 ± 31.65
180.91 ± 24.12
E. hirta
25
311.19 ± 29.08*
171.43 ± 22.54*
E. hirta
50
287.12 ± 26.98*
164.54 ± 21.76**
E. hirta
100
243.12 ± 19.21***
157.30 ± 18.54***
E. hirta
200
215.21 ± 16.05***
138.43 ± 17.98***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
187.18 ± 15.21***
123.77 ± 15.12***
Normal control (NC)
–
54.12 ± 12.54
71.94 ± 12.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control
Table 2
Effect of
E. hirta
and Prednisolone (Pred) on Con A-induced IL-2 and IFN-γ productions from splenocytes in
Mycobacterium tuberculli
-induced inflammatory arthritic rats
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
IL-2 (pg/ml)
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)
–
235.98 ± 15.23
165.95 ± 13.87
E. hirta
25
225.12 ± 14.76**
154.76 ± 11.07**
E. hirta
50
207.76 ± 13.87**
134.76 ± 11.01**
E. hirta
100
189.98 ± 12.65 ***
110.64 ± 10.98***
E. hirta
200
157.84 ± 14.32 ***
98.54 ± 10.76***
Prednisolone (Pred)
5
131.08 ± 13.31***
87.65 ± 10.61***
Normal control (NC)
–
78.12 ± 12.04
31.87 ± 10.12
Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals
AC
arthritic control,
NC
normal control;
E. hirta
(25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after
Mycobacterium tuberculli
injection, respectively
*
p
< 0.05; **
p
< 0.01; ***
p
< 0.001, compared to arthritic control]]></abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>Springer Basel</pub><pmid>23229350</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0925-4692 |
| ispartof | Inflammopharmacology, 2013-10, Vol.21 (5), p.365-375 |
| issn | 0925-4692 1568-5608 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1500799776 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Allergology Animals Arthritis, Experimental - drug therapy Arthritis, Experimental - immunology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cytokines - immunology Dermatology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Euphorbia - chemistry Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Female Gastroenterology Immunology Inflammation Mediators - immunology Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology Medicine, Traditional Mycobacterium Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis Nitric Oxide - immunology Pharmacology/Toxicology Plant Extracts - administration & dosage Plant Extracts - therapeutic use Plant Leaves - chemistry Rats Rats, Wistar Research Article Rheumatology Spleen - cytology Spleen - drug effects Spleen - immunology Th1 Cells - drug effects Th1 Cells - immunology |
| title | Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis |
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