Current pathology practices in and barriers to MDS diagnosis

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell malignancies that represent a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. Accurate classification and prognostic scoring are essential to treating MDS. To understand factors that affect MDS management, a case-based survey was distributed to hematopathologists ( n = 53) and general pathologists ( n = 72) to identify perceived barriers, attitudes, and practices in MDS diagnosis. Results demonstrated confidence and practice gaps. Only 33% of general pathologists are confident in diagnosing MDS. Neither general pathologists nor hematopathologists are comfortable using the International Prognostic Scoring System to characterize risk. Thirty percent of general pathologists and 22% of hematopathologists would not include bone marrow aspirate and cytogenetics in initial testing of a neutropenic patient. Most practitioners tested appropriately for disease classification and prognosis; discrepancies were identified in testing to differentiate MDS from acute myeloid leukemia and testing in post treatment specimens. These results have implications in the management of MDS.