Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunother...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Md.), 2014-02, Vol.59 (2), p.567-579 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 579 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 567 |
| container_title | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) |
| container_volume | 59 |
| creator | Han, Yanmei Chen, Zhubo Yang, Yuan Jiang, Zhengping Gu, Yan Liu, Yangfang Lin, Chuan Pan, Zeya Yu, Yizhi Jiang, Minghong Zhou, Weiping Cao, Xuetao |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy. So, figuring out the immunosuppressive mechanisms induced and employed by HCC will be helpful to the design and application of HCC immunotherapy. Here, we identified one new subset of human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells (CD14+DCs) in HCC patients, representing ∼13% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD14+DCs significantly suppress T‐cell response in vitro through interleukin (IL)‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Unexpectedly, CD14+DCs expressed high levels of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1, and CTLA‐4 was found to be essential to IL‐10 and IDO production. So, we identified a novel human tumor‐induced regulatory DC subset, which suppresses antitumor immune response through CTLA‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and IDO production, thus indicating the important role of nonregulatory T‐cell‐derived CTLA‐4 in tumor‐immune escape or immunosuppression. Conclusions: These data outline one mechanism for HCC to induce systemic immunosuppression by expanding CD14+DCs, which may contribute to HCC progression. This adds new insight to the mechanism for HCC‐induced immunosuppression and may also provide a previously unrecognized target of immunotherapy for HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:567–579) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/hep.26694 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1493794836</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1493794836</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2844-809188fe71f0c6760657c435922e36018515c8e40b28265f4ece7b161efd14263</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdks1u1DAUhS0EokNhwQsgS2yQSlr_xUmW1bQwlUYqi2EdeZyb1lViBzsRza6P0FfrK_Ak3LSFRReW7XM_Hx3bl5CPnB1zxsTJNQzHQutKvSIrnosikzJnr8mKiYJlFZfVAXmX0g1jrFKifEsOhKw0Y7xYkYfN1BtP12dcHa1329M_d_fqiEa4mjozhjjTBnwT3egstdB1iaZpGCKkRHeILhLCaQg-Ad3P1M5jGMMt0ku5m_vhOqAG1PjRXYFf7HE0MKAt-JFebHHLGdYb6nwTOjC984Ci-CoX0oXbGQ8a9B9iaCY7uuARpXhpTLgkwKiRWhOt86E378mb1nQJPjzPh-Tnt_PdepNtL79frE-3mRWlUlnJKl6WLRS8ZVYXmum8sErmlRAgNeNlznNbgmJ7UQqdtwosFHuuObQNV0LLQ_LlyRdj_ZogjXXv0hLHeAhTqrmqZFGpUi7o5xfoTZiix3QLJaRkQiukPj1T076Hph6i602c63-fhcDJE_DbdTD_r3NWL11Q44PUj11Qb85_PC7kX3lerUU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1492330264</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Han, Yanmei ; Chen, Zhubo ; Yang, Yuan ; Jiang, Zhengping ; Gu, Yan ; Liu, Yangfang ; Lin, Chuan ; Pan, Zeya ; Yu, Yizhi ; Jiang, Minghong ; Zhou, Weiping ; Cao, Xuetao</creator><creatorcontrib>Han, Yanmei ; Chen, Zhubo ; Yang, Yuan ; Jiang, Zhengping ; Gu, Yan ; Liu, Yangfang ; Lin, Chuan ; Pan, Zeya ; Yu, Yizhi ; Jiang, Minghong ; Zhou, Weiping ; Cao, Xuetao</creatorcontrib><description>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy. So, figuring out the immunosuppressive mechanisms induced and employed by HCC will be helpful to the design and application of HCC immunotherapy. Here, we identified one new subset of human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells (CD14+DCs) in HCC patients, representing ∼13% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD14+DCs significantly suppress T‐cell response in vitro through interleukin (IL)‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Unexpectedly, CD14+DCs expressed high levels of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1, and CTLA‐4 was found to be essential to IL‐10 and IDO production. So, we identified a novel human tumor‐induced regulatory DC subset, which suppresses antitumor immune response through CTLA‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and IDO production, thus indicating the important role of nonregulatory T‐cell‐derived CTLA‐4 in tumor‐immune escape or immunosuppression. Conclusions: These data outline one mechanism for HCC to induce systemic immunosuppression by expanding CD14+DCs, which may contribute to HCC progression. This adds new insight to the mechanism for HCC‐induced immunosuppression and may also provide a previously unrecognized target of immunotherapy for HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:567–579)</description><identifier>ISSN: 0270-9139</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1527-3350</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/hep.26694</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23960017</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HPTLD9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; CD11b Antigen - metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology ; CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism ; Cytotoxicity ; Dendritic Cells - metabolism ; Dendritic Cells - pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Hepatology ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunosuppression ; Immunotherapy ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism ; Interleukin-10 - metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - metabolism ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms - pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism ; T cell receptors ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014-02, Vol.59 (2), p.567-579</ispartof><rights>2013 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases</rights><rights>2013 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2844-809188fe71f0c6760657c435922e36018515c8e40b28265f4ece7b161efd14263</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fhep.26694$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fhep.26694$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23960017$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Han, Yanmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhubo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Zhengping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yangfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Zeya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Minghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Weiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xuetao</creatorcontrib><title>Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma</title><title>Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)</title><addtitle>Hepatology</addtitle><description>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy. So, figuring out the immunosuppressive mechanisms induced and employed by HCC will be helpful to the design and application of HCC immunotherapy. Here, we identified one new subset of human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells (CD14+DCs) in HCC patients, representing ∼13% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD14+DCs significantly suppress T‐cell response in vitro through interleukin (IL)‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Unexpectedly, CD14+DCs expressed high levels of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1, and CTLA‐4 was found to be essential to IL‐10 and IDO production. So, we identified a novel human tumor‐induced regulatory DC subset, which suppresses antitumor immune response through CTLA‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and IDO production, thus indicating the important role of nonregulatory T‐cell‐derived CTLA‐4 in tumor‐immune escape or immunosuppression. Conclusions: These data outline one mechanism for HCC to induce systemic immunosuppression by expanding CD14+DCs, which may contribute to HCC progression. This adds new insight to the mechanism for HCC‐induced immunosuppression and may also provide a previously unrecognized target of immunotherapy for HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:567–579)</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>CD11b Antigen - metabolism</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology</subject><subject>CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dendritic Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Dendritic Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunosuppression</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism</subject><subject>T cell receptors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0270-9139</issn><issn>1527-3350</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks1u1DAUhS0EokNhwQsgS2yQSlr_xUmW1bQwlUYqi2EdeZyb1lViBzsRza6P0FfrK_Ak3LSFRReW7XM_Hx3bl5CPnB1zxsTJNQzHQutKvSIrnosikzJnr8mKiYJlFZfVAXmX0g1jrFKifEsOhKw0Y7xYkYfN1BtP12dcHa1329M_d_fqiEa4mjozhjjTBnwT3egstdB1iaZpGCKkRHeILhLCaQg-Ad3P1M5jGMMt0ku5m_vhOqAG1PjRXYFf7HE0MKAt-JFebHHLGdYb6nwTOjC984Ci-CoX0oXbGQ8a9B9iaCY7uuARpXhpTLgkwKiRWhOt86E378mb1nQJPjzPh-Tnt_PdepNtL79frE-3mRWlUlnJKl6WLRS8ZVYXmum8sErmlRAgNeNlznNbgmJ7UQqdtwosFHuuObQNV0LLQ_LlyRdj_ZogjXXv0hLHeAhTqrmqZFGpUi7o5xfoTZiix3QLJaRkQiukPj1T076Hph6i602c63-fhcDJE_DbdTD_r3NWL11Q44PUj11Qb85_PC7kX3lerUU</recordid><startdate>201402</startdate><enddate>201402</enddate><creator>Han, Yanmei</creator><creator>Chen, Zhubo</creator><creator>Yang, Yuan</creator><creator>Jiang, Zhengping</creator><creator>Gu, Yan</creator><creator>Liu, Yangfang</creator><creator>Lin, Chuan</creator><creator>Pan, Zeya</creator><creator>Yu, Yizhi</creator><creator>Jiang, Minghong</creator><creator>Zhou, Weiping</creator><creator>Cao, Xuetao</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201402</creationdate><title>Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma</title><author>Han, Yanmei ; Chen, Zhubo ; Yang, Yuan ; Jiang, Zhengping ; Gu, Yan ; Liu, Yangfang ; Lin, Chuan ; Pan, Zeya ; Yu, Yizhi ; Jiang, Minghong ; Zhou, Weiping ; Cao, Xuetao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2844-809188fe71f0c6760657c435922e36018515c8e40b28265f4ece7b161efd14263</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>CD11b Antigen - metabolism</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology</topic><topic>CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Dendritic Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Dendritic Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunosuppression</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</topic><topic>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - metabolism</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism</topic><topic>T cell receptors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Han, Yanmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhubo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Zhengping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yangfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Zeya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Minghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Weiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xuetao</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Han, Yanmei</au><au>Chen, Zhubo</au><au>Yang, Yuan</au><au>Jiang, Zhengping</au><au>Gu, Yan</au><au>Liu, Yangfang</au><au>Lin, Chuan</au><au>Pan, Zeya</au><au>Yu, Yizhi</au><au>Jiang, Minghong</au><au>Zhou, Weiping</au><au>Cao, Xuetao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)</jtitle><addtitle>Hepatology</addtitle><date>2014-02</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>567</spage><epage>579</epage><pages>567-579</pages><issn>0270-9139</issn><eissn>1527-3350</eissn><coden>HPTLD9</coden><abstract>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy. So, figuring out the immunosuppressive mechanisms induced and employed by HCC will be helpful to the design and application of HCC immunotherapy. Here, we identified one new subset of human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells (CD14+DCs) in HCC patients, representing ∼13% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD14+DCs significantly suppress T‐cell response in vitro through interleukin (IL)‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Unexpectedly, CD14+DCs expressed high levels of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1, and CTLA‐4 was found to be essential to IL‐10 and IDO production. So, we identified a novel human tumor‐induced regulatory DC subset, which suppresses antitumor immune response through CTLA‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and IDO production, thus indicating the important role of nonregulatory T‐cell‐derived CTLA‐4 in tumor‐immune escape or immunosuppression. Conclusions: These data outline one mechanism for HCC to induce systemic immunosuppression by expanding CD14+DCs, which may contribute to HCC progression. This adds new insight to the mechanism for HCC‐induced immunosuppression and may also provide a previously unrecognized target of immunotherapy for HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:567–579)</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>23960017</pmid><doi>10.1002/hep.26694</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0270-9139 |
| ispartof | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014-02, Vol.59 (2), p.567-579 |
| issn | 0270-9139 1527-3350 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1493794836 |
| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology Case-Control Studies CD11b Antigen - metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism Cytotoxicity Dendritic Cells - metabolism Dendritic Cells - pathology Disease Progression Female Hepatology Humans Immune system Immunosuppression Immunotherapy In Vitro Techniques Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism Interleukin-10 - metabolism Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - metabolism Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - metabolism Liver Neoplasms - pathology Male Middle Aged Phenotype Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism T cell receptors Young Adult |
| title | Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-18T16%3A04%3A15IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Human%20CD14+CTLA%E2%80%904+%20regulatory%20dendritic%20cells%20suppress%20T%E2%80%90cell%20response%20by%20cytotoxic%20T%E2%80%90lymphocyte%20antigen%E2%80%904%E2%80%90dependent%20IL%E2%80%9010%20and%20indoleamine%E2%80%902,3%E2%80%90dioxygenase%20production%20in%20hepatocellular%20carcinoma&rft.jtitle=Hepatology%20(Baltimore,%20Md.)&rft.au=Han,%20Yanmei&rft.date=2014-02&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=567&rft.epage=579&rft.pages=567-579&rft.issn=0270-9139&rft.eissn=1527-3350&rft.coden=HPTLD9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/hep.26694&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1493794836%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1492330264&rft_id=info:pmid/23960017&rfr_iscdi=true |