Prognostic Indicators in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) enlargement, congestive heart failure (CHF), and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are associated with decreased survival in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the prognostic value of echocardiographic variables has not been well characterized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECT...
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| creator | Payne, J.R. Borgeat, K. Connolly, D.J. Boswood, A. Dennis, S. Wagner, T. Menaut, P. Maerz, I. Evans, D. Simons, V.E. Brodbelt, D.C. Luis Fuentes, V. |
| description | BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) enlargement, congestive heart failure (CHF), and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are associated with decreased survival in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the prognostic value of echocardiographic variables has not been well characterized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that LA echocardiographic variables and assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function would have prognostic value in cats with HCM. ANIMALS: Two hundred eighty‐two cats diagnosed with HCM. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic records of affected cats seen at the Royal Veterinary College from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Only cats with echocardiographic confirmation of LV diastolic wall thickness ≥6 mm were included. Outcomes were obtained from clinical records or referring veterinarians and owners. RESULTS: Deaths occurred in 164 cats, of which 107 were believed to have been cardiac deaths. Univariable predictors of an increased risk of cardiac death included older age, absence of a murmur, presence of a gallop sound or arrhythmia, presentation with either CHF or ATE, extreme LV hypertrophy (≥9.0 mm), LV fractional shortening (FS%) ≤30%, regional wall hypokinesis, increased left atrial size, decreased left atrial function, spontaneous echo‐contrast/thrombus or both, absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Cox's proportional hazard analysis identified LA dysfunction, low LV systolic function, and extreme LV hypertrophy as independent predictors of decreased cardiac survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Echocardiographic measurement of LA function, extreme LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic function provides important prognostic information in cats with HCM. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jvim.12215 |
| format | Article |
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HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that LA echocardiographic variables and assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function would have prognostic value in cats with HCM. ANIMALS: Two hundred eighty‐two cats diagnosed with HCM. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic records of affected cats seen at the Royal Veterinary College from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Only cats with echocardiographic confirmation of LV diastolic wall thickness ≥6 mm were included. Outcomes were obtained from clinical records or referring veterinarians and owners. RESULTS: Deaths occurred in 164 cats, of which 107 were believed to have been cardiac deaths. Univariable predictors of an increased risk of cardiac death included older age, absence of a murmur, presence of a gallop sound or arrhythmia, presentation with either CHF or ATE, extreme LV hypertrophy (≥9.0 mm), LV fractional shortening (FS%) ≤30%, regional wall hypokinesis, increased left atrial size, decreased left atrial function, spontaneous echo‐contrast/thrombus or both, absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Cox's proportional hazard analysis identified LA dysfunction, low LV systolic function, and extreme LV hypertrophy as independent predictors of decreased cardiac survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Echocardiographic measurement of LA function, extreme LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic function provides important prognostic information in cats with HCM.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12215</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24134821</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: J.B. Lippincott</publisher><subject>Adults ; Animals ; Aortic stenosis ; Asymptomatic ; Cardiac arrhythmia ; Cardiology ; Cardiomyopathy ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnostic imaging ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - physiopathology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - veterinary ; Cat Diseases - diagnostic imaging ; Cat Diseases - physiopathology ; Cats ; Doppler effect ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler - veterinary ; Epidemiology ; Feline ; Female ; Flow velocity ; Heart Atria - diagnostic imaging ; Heart Atria - physiopathology ; Heart failure ; Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging ; Heart Failure - physiopathology ; Heart Failure - veterinary ; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival ; Thromboembolism - diagnostic imaging ; Thromboembolism - physiopathology ; Thromboembolism - veterinary</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2013-11, Vol.27 (6), p.1427-1436</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2013. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4555-32ff486e3f0296e42b00c60d2b8dace29ae64b2fcbbb584a120a8a08b76871b83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4555-32ff486e3f0296e42b00c60d2b8dace29ae64b2fcbbb584a120a8a08b76871b83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjvim.12215$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjvim.12215$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,11562,27924,27925,45574,45575,46052,46476</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjvim.12215$$EView_record_in_Wiley-Blackwell$$FView_record_in_$$GWiley-Blackwell</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134821$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Payne, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgeat, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Connolly, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boswood, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dennis, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menaut, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maerz, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simons, V.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brodbelt, D.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luis Fuentes, V.</creatorcontrib><title>Prognostic Indicators in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) enlargement, congestive heart failure (CHF), and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are associated with decreased survival in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the prognostic value of echocardiographic variables has not been well characterized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that LA echocardiographic variables and assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function would have prognostic value in cats with HCM. ANIMALS: Two hundred eighty‐two cats diagnosed with HCM. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic records of affected cats seen at the Royal Veterinary College from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Only cats with echocardiographic confirmation of LV diastolic wall thickness ≥6 mm were included. Outcomes were obtained from clinical records or referring veterinarians and owners. RESULTS: Deaths occurred in 164 cats, of which 107 were believed to have been cardiac deaths. Univariable predictors of an increased risk of cardiac death included older age, absence of a murmur, presence of a gallop sound or arrhythmia, presentation with either CHF or ATE, extreme LV hypertrophy (≥9.0 mm), LV fractional shortening (FS%) ≤30%, regional wall hypokinesis, increased left atrial size, decreased left atrial function, spontaneous echo‐contrast/thrombus or both, absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Cox's proportional hazard analysis identified LA dysfunction, low LV systolic function, and extreme LV hypertrophy as independent predictors of decreased cardiac survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Echocardiographic measurement of LA function, extreme LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic function provides important prognostic information in cats with HCM.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aortic stenosis</subject><subject>Asymptomatic</subject><subject>Cardiac arrhythmia</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - veterinary</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Doppler effect</subject><subject>Echocardiography</subject><subject>Echocardiography, Doppler - veterinary</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Feline</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Heart Atria - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Heart Atria - physiopathology</subject><subject>Heart failure</subject><subject>Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Heart Failure - physiopathology</subject><subject>Heart Failure - veterinary</subject><subject>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</subject><subject>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Thromboembolism - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Thromboembolism - physiopathology</subject><subject>Thromboembolism - veterinary</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90EFv0zAYBmALgVgZXPgBEIkLmpThz3Zs54IEFaydBkxaN46WnTirSxMHO2XLv8ddth044Isvz_d-9ovQa8DHkM6HzR_XHgMhUDxBMyhpmQMX_CmaYVlCzjnDB-hFjBuMSVEU4jk6IAwokwRm6ON58Nedj4OrsmVXu0oPPsTMddlcDzG7ccM6W4y9DUPw_TqhuQ618-3oez2sx5foWaO30b66vw_R5dcvq_kiP_txspx_OssrllbmlDQNk9zSBpOSW0YMxhXHNTGy1pUlpbacGdJUxphCMg0Ea6mxNIJLAUbSQ_R-yu2D_72zcVCti5XdbnVn_S4qYCUV6efAEn33D934XejS6xTFqRfGCaVJHU2qCj7GYBvVB9fqMCrAat-q2req7lpN-M195M60tn6kDzUmABO4cVs7_idKnV4tvz2E5tOMi4O9fZzR4ZfigopC_fx-os4_Ly7YanWl9jveTr7RXunr4KK6vCAYOMZQgBCU_gWAWJmY</recordid><startdate>201311</startdate><enddate>201311</enddate><creator>Payne, J.R.</creator><creator>Borgeat, K.</creator><creator>Connolly, D.J.</creator><creator>Boswood, A.</creator><creator>Dennis, S.</creator><creator>Wagner, T.</creator><creator>Menaut, P.</creator><creator>Maerz, I.</creator><creator>Evans, D.</creator><creator>Simons, V.E.</creator><creator>Brodbelt, D.C.</creator><creator>Luis Fuentes, V.</creator><general>J.B. Lippincott</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201311</creationdate><title>Prognostic Indicators in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</title><author>Payne, J.R. ; Borgeat, K. ; Connolly, D.J. ; Boswood, A. ; Dennis, S. ; Wagner, T. ; Menaut, P. ; Maerz, I. ; Evans, D. ; Simons, V.E. ; Brodbelt, D.C. ; Luis Fuentes, V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4555-32ff486e3f0296e42b00c60d2b8dace29ae64b2fcbbb584a120a8a08b76871b83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aortic stenosis</topic><topic>Asymptomatic</topic><topic>Cardiac arrhythmia</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - veterinary</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Doppler effect</topic><topic>Echocardiography</topic><topic>Echocardiography, Doppler - veterinary</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Feline</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Heart Atria - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Heart Atria - physiopathology</topic><topic>Heart failure</topic><topic>Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Heart Failure - physiopathology</topic><topic>Heart Failure - veterinary</topic><topic>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</topic><topic>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Thromboembolism - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Thromboembolism - physiopathology</topic><topic>Thromboembolism - veterinary</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Payne, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgeat, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Connolly, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boswood, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dennis, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menaut, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maerz, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simons, V.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brodbelt, D.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luis Fuentes, V.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Payne, J.R.</au><au>Borgeat, K.</au><au>Connolly, D.J.</au><au>Boswood, A.</au><au>Dennis, S.</au><au>Wagner, T.</au><au>Menaut, P.</au><au>Maerz, I.</au><au>Evans, D.</au><au>Simons, V.E.</au><au>Brodbelt, D.C.</au><au>Luis Fuentes, V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prognostic Indicators in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</atitle><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><date>2013-11</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1427</spage><epage>1436</epage><pages>1427-1436</pages><issn>0891-6640</issn><eissn>1939-1676</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) enlargement, congestive heart failure (CHF), and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are associated with decreased survival in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the prognostic value of echocardiographic variables has not been well characterized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that LA echocardiographic variables and assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function would have prognostic value in cats with HCM. ANIMALS: Two hundred eighty‐two cats diagnosed with HCM. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic records of affected cats seen at the Royal Veterinary College from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Only cats with echocardiographic confirmation of LV diastolic wall thickness ≥6 mm were included. Outcomes were obtained from clinical records or referring veterinarians and owners. RESULTS: Deaths occurred in 164 cats, of which 107 were believed to have been cardiac deaths. Univariable predictors of an increased risk of cardiac death included older age, absence of a murmur, presence of a gallop sound or arrhythmia, presentation with either CHF or ATE, extreme LV hypertrophy (≥9.0 mm), LV fractional shortening (FS%) ≤30%, regional wall hypokinesis, increased left atrial size, decreased left atrial function, spontaneous echo‐contrast/thrombus or both, absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Cox's proportional hazard analysis identified LA dysfunction, low LV systolic function, and extreme LV hypertrophy as independent predictors of decreased cardiac survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Echocardiographic measurement of LA function, extreme LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic function provides important prognostic information in cats with HCM.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>J.B. Lippincott</pub><pmid>24134821</pmid><doi>10.1111/jvim.12215</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adults Animals Aortic stenosis Asymptomatic Cardiac arrhythmia Cardiology Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnostic imaging Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - physiopathology Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - veterinary Cat Diseases - diagnostic imaging Cat Diseases - physiopathology Cats Doppler effect Echocardiography Echocardiography, Doppler - veterinary Epidemiology Feline Female Flow velocity Heart Atria - diagnostic imaging Heart Atria - physiopathology Heart failure Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging Heart Failure - physiopathology Heart Failure - veterinary Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Medical prognosis Multivariate Analysis Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Survival Thromboembolism - diagnostic imaging Thromboembolism - physiopathology Thromboembolism - veterinary |
| title | Prognostic Indicators in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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