Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study
Aim Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs) and anti‐oxidants reduce urinary protein excretion and delay progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti‐oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy. Me...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Vic.), 2014-01, Vol.19 (1), p.40-46 |
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| creator | Ye, Zhiming Zhang, Li Xu, Lixia Shi, Wei Hu, Haitang Shi, Xiaofeng Zhong, Weiqiang Hou, Shuan Yan, Honghong Zhang, Bin Xia, Yunfeng Wang, Wenjian Feng, Zonglin Wang, Liping Liang, Yongzheng |
| description | Aim
Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs) and anti‐oxidants reduce urinary protein excretion and delay progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti‐oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy.
Methods
Patients with IgA nephropathy (n = 69) were recruited from five centres and randomly assigned to a treatment group (750 mg/day probucol plus 160 mg/day valsartan) or a control group (160 mg/day valsartan) and were followed for 3 years.
Results
At baseline, the two groups in any measured clinical information were comparable. The primary endpoint (doubling serum creatinine) showed no significant difference between the two groups during 3‐year follow‐up. The secondary endpoint (50% reduction in 24‐h urinary protein) occurred in 23 patients in the treatment group and 20 patients in the control group. The time to the secondary end‐point was shorter in the treatment group than the control group (8.13 months vs 19.63 months, P = 0.019). However, at the 3‐year follow‐up, the 24‐h urinary protein levels were not significantly different from the baseline levels (P = 0.99 and P = 0.66, respectively). At the 1‐year follow‐up, plasma cholesterol in the treatment group was markedly lower than in the control group (4.12 ± 1.28 vs 5.03 ± 1.01, P = 0.02).
Conclusion
Kidney function remained stable and there was no significant difference in two group patients. Probucol combined with valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24‐h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone. However, the long‐term effect needs further investigation.
Summary at a Glance
The anti‐proteinuric effects of lipid lowering agents, including potential effects that are independent of cholesterol, are unclear. Probucol was shown to be anti‐proteinuric in experimental nephritis some years ago. Wei et al. have shown, in a controlled trial, potential adjunctive effects of probucol on early proteinuria in IgA nephropathy when combined with valsartan. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/nep.12177 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1492660369</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1469211547</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-cca11ef3b885f8de0373f3542c136de703f721da6df7e0657e8d479ebe20b8773</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkc9PFTEQgBujEUQP_gOmR01Y6I_ddtcbICKKTw4ajk23nfVVu9u13QWe4Y-njwfcTGyadKb55pumg9BrSvZoXvsDjHuUUSmfoG1alqSgspFPc8wZKSpe1VvoRUq_CKGSCfocbbGSNrRu-Da6OY-hnU3w2IS-dQNYfOWmJb7UPuk46QG7vPt-HsJPn0mf0wOcGy5jGPW0XL3PaT_7yRUGhinCLg4jDNjrFrwHu4ujHmzo3d9sNiETYX2N0zTb1Uv0rMt94NX9uYN-fDz-fvSpOPt2cnp0cFYY3ghZGKMphY63dV11tQXCJe94VTJDubAgCe8ko1YL20kgopJQ21I20AIjbS0l30FvN94xhj8zpEn1Lpn8Pj1AmJOiZcOEIFw0_4GKhlFalWvruw1qYkgpQqfG6HodV4oStZ6Lyt-k7uaS2Tf32rntwT6SD4PIwP4GuHIeVv82qcXx-YOy2FS4NMH1Y4WOv5WQXFbqYnGiPny94IefF0J94be65af1</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1469211547</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><creator>Ye, Zhiming ; Zhang, Li ; Xu, Lixia ; Shi, Wei ; Hu, Haitang ; Shi, Xiaofeng ; Zhong, Weiqiang ; Hou, Shuan ; Yan, Honghong ; Zhang, Bin ; Xia, Yunfeng ; Wang, Wenjian ; Feng, Zonglin ; Wang, Liping ; Liang, Yongzheng</creator><creatorcontrib>Ye, Zhiming ; Zhang, Li ; Xu, Lixia ; Shi, Wei ; Hu, Haitang ; Shi, Xiaofeng ; Zhong, Weiqiang ; Hou, Shuan ; Yan, Honghong ; Zhang, Bin ; Xia, Yunfeng ; Wang, Wenjian ; Feng, Zonglin ; Wang, Liping ; Liang, Yongzheng</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs) and anti‐oxidants reduce urinary protein excretion and delay progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti‐oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy.
Methods
Patients with IgA nephropathy (n = 69) were recruited from five centres and randomly assigned to a treatment group (750 mg/day probucol plus 160 mg/day valsartan) or a control group (160 mg/day valsartan) and were followed for 3 years.
Results
At baseline, the two groups in any measured clinical information were comparable. The primary endpoint (doubling serum creatinine) showed no significant difference between the two groups during 3‐year follow‐up. The secondary endpoint (50% reduction in 24‐h urinary protein) occurred in 23 patients in the treatment group and 20 patients in the control group. The time to the secondary end‐point was shorter in the treatment group than the control group (8.13 months vs 19.63 months, P = 0.019). However, at the 3‐year follow‐up, the 24‐h urinary protein levels were not significantly different from the baseline levels (P = 0.99 and P = 0.66, respectively). At the 1‐year follow‐up, plasma cholesterol in the treatment group was markedly lower than in the control group (4.12 ± 1.28 vs 5.03 ± 1.01, P = 0.02).
Conclusion
Kidney function remained stable and there was no significant difference in two group patients. Probucol combined with valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24‐h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone. However, the long‐term effect needs further investigation.
Summary at a Glance
The anti‐proteinuric effects of lipid lowering agents, including potential effects that are independent of cholesterol, are unclear. Probucol was shown to be anti‐proteinuric in experimental nephritis some years ago. Wei et al. have shown, in a controlled trial, potential adjunctive effects of probucol on early proteinuria in IgA nephropathy when combined with valsartan.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1320-5358</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1440-1797</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/nep.12177</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24191893</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - administration & dosage ; anti-oxidation ; Antioxidants - administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA - drug therapy ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA - mortality ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA - physiopathology ; Humans ; IgA nephropathy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; probucol ; Probucol - administration & dosage ; Probucol - adverse effects ; randomized controlled study ; Tetrazoles - administration & dosage ; Tetrazoles - adverse effects ; Valine - administration & dosage ; Valine - adverse effects ; Valine - analogs & derivatives ; Valsartan]]></subject><ispartof>Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2014-01, Vol.19 (1), p.40-46</ispartof><rights>2013 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology</rights><rights>2013 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-cca11ef3b885f8de0373f3542c136de703f721da6df7e0657e8d479ebe20b8773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-cca11ef3b885f8de0373f3542c136de703f721da6df7e0657e8d479ebe20b8773</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fnep.12177$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fnep.12177$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24191893$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ye, Zhiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Lixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Haitang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Weiqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Shuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Honghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Yunfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wenjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Zonglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Liping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Yongzheng</creatorcontrib><title>Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study</title><title>Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)</title><addtitle>Nephrology</addtitle><description>Aim
Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs) and anti‐oxidants reduce urinary protein excretion and delay progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti‐oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy.
Methods
Patients with IgA nephropathy (n = 69) were recruited from five centres and randomly assigned to a treatment group (750 mg/day probucol plus 160 mg/day valsartan) or a control group (160 mg/day valsartan) and were followed for 3 years.
Results
At baseline, the two groups in any measured clinical information were comparable. The primary endpoint (doubling serum creatinine) showed no significant difference between the two groups during 3‐year follow‐up. The secondary endpoint (50% reduction in 24‐h urinary protein) occurred in 23 patients in the treatment group and 20 patients in the control group. The time to the secondary end‐point was shorter in the treatment group than the control group (8.13 months vs 19.63 months, P = 0.019). However, at the 3‐year follow‐up, the 24‐h urinary protein levels were not significantly different from the baseline levels (P = 0.99 and P = 0.66, respectively). At the 1‐year follow‐up, plasma cholesterol in the treatment group was markedly lower than in the control group (4.12 ± 1.28 vs 5.03 ± 1.01, P = 0.02).
Conclusion
Kidney function remained stable and there was no significant difference in two group patients. Probucol combined with valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24‐h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone. However, the long‐term effect needs further investigation.
Summary at a Glance
The anti‐proteinuric effects of lipid lowering agents, including potential effects that are independent of cholesterol, are unclear. Probucol was shown to be anti‐proteinuric in experimental nephritis some years ago. Wei et al. have shown, in a controlled trial, potential adjunctive effects of probucol on early proteinuria in IgA nephropathy when combined with valsartan.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - administration & dosage</subject><subject>anti-oxidation</subject><subject>Antioxidants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - drug therapy</subject><subject>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - mortality</subject><subject>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>IgA nephropathy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>probucol</subject><subject>Probucol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Probucol - adverse effects</subject><subject>randomized controlled study</subject><subject>Tetrazoles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Tetrazoles - adverse effects</subject><subject>Valine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Valine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Valine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Valsartan</subject><issn>1320-5358</issn><issn>1440-1797</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9PFTEQgBujEUQP_gOmR01Y6I_ddtcbICKKTw4ajk23nfVVu9u13QWe4Y-njwfcTGyadKb55pumg9BrSvZoXvsDjHuUUSmfoG1alqSgspFPc8wZKSpe1VvoRUq_CKGSCfocbbGSNrRu-Da6OY-hnU3w2IS-dQNYfOWmJb7UPuk46QG7vPt-HsJPn0mf0wOcGy5jGPW0XL3PaT_7yRUGhinCLg4jDNjrFrwHu4ujHmzo3d9sNiETYX2N0zTb1Uv0rMt94NX9uYN-fDz-fvSpOPt2cnp0cFYY3ghZGKMphY63dV11tQXCJe94VTJDubAgCe8ko1YL20kgopJQ21I20AIjbS0l30FvN94xhj8zpEn1Lpn8Pj1AmJOiZcOEIFw0_4GKhlFalWvruw1qYkgpQqfG6HodV4oStZ6Lyt-k7uaS2Tf32rntwT6SD4PIwP4GuHIeVv82qcXx-YOy2FS4NMH1Y4WOv5WQXFbqYnGiPny94IefF0J94be65af1</recordid><startdate>201401</startdate><enddate>201401</enddate><creator>Ye, Zhiming</creator><creator>Zhang, Li</creator><creator>Xu, Lixia</creator><creator>Shi, Wei</creator><creator>Hu, Haitang</creator><creator>Shi, Xiaofeng</creator><creator>Zhong, Weiqiang</creator><creator>Hou, Shuan</creator><creator>Yan, Honghong</creator><creator>Zhang, Bin</creator><creator>Xia, Yunfeng</creator><creator>Wang, Wenjian</creator><creator>Feng, Zonglin</creator><creator>Wang, Liping</creator><creator>Liang, Yongzheng</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201401</creationdate><title>Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study</title><author>Ye, Zhiming ; Zhang, Li ; Xu, Lixia ; Shi, Wei ; Hu, Haitang ; Shi, Xiaofeng ; Zhong, Weiqiang ; Hou, Shuan ; Yan, Honghong ; Zhang, Bin ; Xia, Yunfeng ; Wang, Wenjian ; Feng, Zonglin ; Wang, Liping ; Liang, Yongzheng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-cca11ef3b885f8de0373f3542c136de703f721da6df7e0657e8d479ebe20b8773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - administration & dosage</topic><topic>anti-oxidation</topic><topic>Antioxidants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - drug therapy</topic><topic>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - mortality</topic><topic>Glomerulonephritis, IGA - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>IgA nephropathy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>probucol</topic><topic>Probucol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Probucol - adverse effects</topic><topic>randomized controlled study</topic><topic>Tetrazoles - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Tetrazoles - adverse effects</topic><topic>Valine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Valine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Valine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Valsartan</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ye, Zhiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Lixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Haitang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Weiqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Shuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Honghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Yunfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wenjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Zonglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Liping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Yongzheng</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ye, Zhiming</au><au>Zhang, Li</au><au>Xu, Lixia</au><au>Shi, Wei</au><au>Hu, Haitang</au><au>Shi, Xiaofeng</au><au>Zhong, Weiqiang</au><au>Hou, Shuan</au><au>Yan, Honghong</au><au>Zhang, Bin</au><au>Xia, Yunfeng</au><au>Wang, Wenjian</au><au>Feng, Zonglin</au><au>Wang, Liping</au><au>Liang, Yongzheng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study</atitle><jtitle>Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)</jtitle><addtitle>Nephrology</addtitle><date>2014-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>40</spage><epage>46</epage><pages>40-46</pages><issn>1320-5358</issn><eissn>1440-1797</eissn><abstract>Aim
Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs) and anti‐oxidants reduce urinary protein excretion and delay progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti‐oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy.
Methods
Patients with IgA nephropathy (n = 69) were recruited from five centres and randomly assigned to a treatment group (750 mg/day probucol plus 160 mg/day valsartan) or a control group (160 mg/day valsartan) and were followed for 3 years.
Results
At baseline, the two groups in any measured clinical information were comparable. The primary endpoint (doubling serum creatinine) showed no significant difference between the two groups during 3‐year follow‐up. The secondary endpoint (50% reduction in 24‐h urinary protein) occurred in 23 patients in the treatment group and 20 patients in the control group. The time to the secondary end‐point was shorter in the treatment group than the control group (8.13 months vs 19.63 months, P = 0.019). However, at the 3‐year follow‐up, the 24‐h urinary protein levels were not significantly different from the baseline levels (P = 0.99 and P = 0.66, respectively). At the 1‐year follow‐up, plasma cholesterol in the treatment group was markedly lower than in the control group (4.12 ± 1.28 vs 5.03 ± 1.01, P = 0.02).
Conclusion
Kidney function remained stable and there was no significant difference in two group patients. Probucol combined with valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24‐h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone. However, the long‐term effect needs further investigation.
Summary at a Glance
The anti‐proteinuric effects of lipid lowering agents, including potential effects that are independent of cholesterol, are unclear. Probucol was shown to be anti‐proteinuric in experimental nephritis some years ago. Wei et al. have shown, in a controlled trial, potential adjunctive effects of probucol on early proteinuria in IgA nephropathy when combined with valsartan.</abstract><cop>Australia</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24191893</pmid><doi>10.1111/nep.12177</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2014-01, Vol.19 (1), p.40-46 |
| issn | 1320-5358 1440-1797 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Adult Aged Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - administration & dosage anti-oxidation Antioxidants - administration & dosage Drug Therapy, Combination Female Glomerulonephritis, IGA - drug therapy Glomerulonephritis, IGA - mortality Glomerulonephritis, IGA - physiopathology Humans IgA nephropathy Male Middle Aged probucol Probucol - administration & dosage Probucol - adverse effects randomized controlled study Tetrazoles - administration & dosage Tetrazoles - adverse effects Valine - administration & dosage Valine - adverse effects Valine - analogs & derivatives Valsartan |
| title | Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study |
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