Evaluation of process and input–output-based life-cycle assessment of Irish milk production

Agricultural specialists, particularly animal scientists, tend to use process-based life-cycle assessments (LCA), which describe the production system as a series of processes, to study the environmental impact of milk production based on their experimental data. Another approach called input–output...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of agricultural science 2013-10, Vol.151 (5), p.701-713
Hauptverfasser: YAN, M.-J., HUMPHREYS, J., HOLDEN, N. M.
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HUMPHREYS, J.
HOLDEN, N. M.
description Agricultural specialists, particularly animal scientists, tend to use process-based life-cycle assessments (LCA), which describe the production system as a series of processes, to study the environmental impact of milk production based on their experimental data. Another approach called input–output (I–O) based LCA, which uses the economic transaction tables and national environmental accounts to determine the environmental impact triggered by final demand of milk production, is often less used due to data scarcity and higher uncertainty. In the current paper, process-based and I–O-based LCA models were developed to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) and acidifying emissions from pasture-based milk production in Ireland. Process-based LCA found 1338·3 kg CO2 eq and 14·4 kg SO2 eq/t energy-corrected milk (ECM), and revealed details related to the farm management. The I–O based LCA found 1003·1 kg CO2 eq and 12·7 kg SO2 eq/tonne ECM and suggested that the agriculture, forestry and fishery (AFF) sector itself was largely responsible for the environmental impact of AFF products, rather than economic interaction with other sectors. The process-based LCA was found to be suitable for developing farm-scale sustainability strategies if variation of tactics across farms is provided, while the I–O based LCA offered potential sustainability guidance at the national scale. Further work is required to incorporate foreign production into the I–O table to account fully for imported goods and services. A detailed disaggregation within the AFF sector is also needed to gain a better understanding of the environmental sustainability of agricultural commodities. The present paper thus provides interesting results for the dairy industry, dairy researchers and LCA practitioners on further understanding of the environmental impact of milk production.
doi_str_mv 10.1017/S0021859613000257
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The I–O based LCA found 1003·1 kg CO2 eq and 12·7 kg SO2 eq/tonne ECM and suggested that the agriculture, forestry and fishery (AFF) sector itself was largely responsible for the environmental impact of AFF products, rather than economic interaction with other sectors. The process-based LCA was found to be suitable for developing farm-scale sustainability strategies if variation of tactics across farms is provided, while the I–O based LCA offered potential sustainability guidance at the national scale. Further work is required to incorporate foreign production into the I–O table to account fully for imported goods and services. A detailed disaggregation within the AFF sector is also needed to gain a better understanding of the environmental sustainability of agricultural commodities. 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source Cambridge University Press Journals Complete
subjects Agricultural commodities
Agricultural production
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
Carbon dioxide
Dairy farms
Dairy industry
Economics
Environmental impact
Farm buildings
Farm management
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Greenhouse gases
Input output analysis
Life cycle analysis
Life cycles
Milk
Milk production
Modelling Animal Systems Research Papers
Pasture
Sulfur dioxide
Sustainability
title Evaluation of process and input–output-based life-cycle assessment of Irish milk production
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