Indoor transformer stations and ELF magnetic field exposure: use of transformer structural characteristics to improve exposure assessment
Previous studies have shown that populations of multiapartment buildings with indoor transformer stations may serve as a basis for improved epidemiological studies on the relationship between childhood leukaemia and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). This study investigated whether...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2014-01, Vol.24 (1), p.100-104 |
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| container_title | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology |
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| creator | Okokon, Enembe Oku Roivainen, Päivi Kheifets, Leeka Mezei, Gabor Juutilainen, Jukka |
| description | Previous studies have shown that populations of multiapartment buildings with indoor transformer stations may serve as a basis for improved epidemiological studies on the relationship between childhood leukaemia and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). This study investigated whether classification based on structural characteristics of the transformer stations would improve ELF MF exposure assessment. The data included MF measurements in apartments directly above transformer stations (“exposed” apartments) in 30 buildings in Finland, and reference apartments in the same buildings. Transformer structural characteristics (type and location of low-voltage conductors) were used to classify exposed apartments into high-exposure (HE) and intermediate-exposure (IE) categories. An exposure gradient was observed: both the time-average MF and time above a threshold (0.4
μ
T) were highest in the HE apartments and lowest in the reference apartments, showing a statistically significant trend. The differences between HE and IE apartments, however, were not statistically significant. A simulation exercise showed that the three-category classification did not perform better than a two-category classification (exposed and reference apartments) in detecting the existence of an increased risk. However, data on the structural characteristics of transformers is potentially useful for evaluating exposure–response relationship. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/jes.2013.54 |
| format | Article |
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μ
T) were highest in the HE apartments and lowest in the reference apartments, showing a statistically significant trend. The differences between HE and IE apartments, however, were not statistically significant. A simulation exercise showed that the three-category classification did not perform better than a two-category classification (exposed and reference apartments) in detecting the existence of an increased risk. However, data on the structural characteristics of transformers is potentially useful for evaluating exposure–response relationship.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0631</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-064X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.54</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24022671</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>692/700/478/174 ; 704/172 ; Apartments ; Buildings ; Children ; Classification ; Conductors ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Environmental Exposure - analysis ; Epidemiology ; Exposure ; Finland ; Housing ; Leukemia ; Low frequency ; Magnetic fields ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; original-article ; Population studies ; Statistical analysis ; Transformers</subject><ispartof>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2014-01, Vol.24 (1), p.100-104</ispartof><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2014</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2014</rights><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2014.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-e647fec90dc27eb0cc395cfed64dadd45281b73dd447aec08b2f9f7bc2447ead3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-e647fec90dc27eb0cc395cfed64dadd45281b73dd447aec08b2f9f7bc2447ead3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022671$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okokon, Enembe Oku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roivainen, Päivi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kheifets, Leeka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mezei, Gabor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juutilainen, Jukka</creatorcontrib><title>Indoor transformer stations and ELF magnetic field exposure: use of transformer structural characteristics to improve exposure assessment</title><title>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</title><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Previous studies have shown that populations of multiapartment buildings with indoor transformer stations may serve as a basis for improved epidemiological studies on the relationship between childhood leukaemia and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). This study investigated whether classification based on structural characteristics of the transformer stations would improve ELF MF exposure assessment. The data included MF measurements in apartments directly above transformer stations (“exposed” apartments) in 30 buildings in Finland, and reference apartments in the same buildings. Transformer structural characteristics (type and location of low-voltage conductors) were used to classify exposed apartments into high-exposure (HE) and intermediate-exposure (IE) categories. An exposure gradient was observed: both the time-average MF and time above a threshold (0.4
μ
T) were highest in the HE apartments and lowest in the reference apartments, showing a statistically significant trend. The differences between HE and IE apartments, however, were not statistically significant. A simulation exercise showed that the three-category classification did not perform better than a two-category classification (exposed and reference apartments) in detecting the existence of an increased risk. 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okokon, Enembe Oku</au><au>Roivainen, Päivi</au><au>Kheifets, Leeka</au><au>Mezei, Gabor</au><au>Juutilainen, Jukka</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Indoor transformer stations and ELF magnetic field exposure: use of transformer structural characteristics to improve exposure assessment</atitle><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>100</spage><epage>104</epage><pages>100-104</pages><issn>1559-0631</issn><eissn>1559-064X</eissn><abstract>Previous studies have shown that populations of multiapartment buildings with indoor transformer stations may serve as a basis for improved epidemiological studies on the relationship between childhood leukaemia and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). This study investigated whether classification based on structural characteristics of the transformer stations would improve ELF MF exposure assessment. The data included MF measurements in apartments directly above transformer stations (“exposed” apartments) in 30 buildings in Finland, and reference apartments in the same buildings. Transformer structural characteristics (type and location of low-voltage conductors) were used to classify exposed apartments into high-exposure (HE) and intermediate-exposure (IE) categories. An exposure gradient was observed: both the time-average MF and time above a threshold (0.4
μ
T) were highest in the HE apartments and lowest in the reference apartments, showing a statistically significant trend. The differences between HE and IE apartments, however, were not statistically significant. A simulation exercise showed that the three-category classification did not perform better than a two-category classification (exposed and reference apartments) in detecting the existence of an increased risk. However, data on the structural characteristics of transformers is potentially useful for evaluating exposure–response relationship.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>24022671</pmid><doi>10.1038/jes.2013.54</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2014-01, Vol.24 (1), p.100-104 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 692/700/478/174 704/172 Apartments Buildings Children Classification Conductors Electric Power Supplies Electromagnetic Fields Environmental Exposure - analysis Epidemiology Exposure Finland Housing Leukemia Low frequency Magnetic fields Medicine Medicine & Public Health original-article Population studies Statistical analysis Transformers |
| title | Indoor transformer stations and ELF magnetic field exposure: use of transformer structural characteristics to improve exposure assessment |
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