Green, Blue and Grey Water Footprints of Primary Crops Production in Nepal
This study aims to estimate the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of nine primary crops production in 75 districts, 5 developmental regions and 3 physiographic divisions of Nepal using local meteorological, agronomical and irrigation data at high spatial resolution. The estimates are based...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water resources management 2013-12, Vol.27 (15), p.5223-5243 |
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| creator | Shrestha, Sangam Pandey, Vishnu P. Chanamai, Chawalit Ghosh, Debapi K. |
| description | This study aims to estimate the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of nine primary crops production in 75 districts, 5 developmental regions and 3 physiographic divisions of Nepal using local meteorological, agronomical and irrigation data at high spatial resolution. The estimates are based on the framework prescribed by the guideline of the Water Footprint Network. The green and blue WFs are calculated using a water balance model whereas the grey WF is estimated as the volume of freshwater needed to dilute nitrate pollution to an acceptable level. WF varies across different crops considered, different districts, development regions and physiographic divisions. WF of potato and wheat in Nepal is comparable to the world average; but paddy, barley and pulses have higher while sugarcane and maize have lower values compared to the world average. WFs of paddy, maize, potato and wheat are lower in Terai than the Hills and Mountains due to the accessibility of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Millet, pulses, oilseeds and barley have lower WFs and are suitable for Mountains. Similarly, sugarcane is suitable for both Terai and Mountain divisions because of its lower WF. Crops in Far Western Development Region generally have higher WFs due to the low crop productivity, and higher fertilizer use. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11269-013-0464-3 |
| format | Article |
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The estimates are based on the framework prescribed by the guideline of the Water Footprint Network. The green and blue WFs are calculated using a water balance model whereas the grey WF is estimated as the volume of freshwater needed to dilute nitrate pollution to an acceptable level. WF varies across different crops considered, different districts, development regions and physiographic divisions. WF of potato and wheat in Nepal is comparable to the world average; but paddy, barley and pulses have higher while sugarcane and maize have lower values compared to the world average. WFs of paddy, maize, potato and wheat are lower in Terai than the Hills and Mountains due to the accessibility of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Millet, pulses, oilseeds and barley have lower WFs and are suitable for Mountains. Similarly, sugarcane is suitable for both Terai and Mountain divisions because of its lower WF. Crops in Far Western Development Region generally have higher WFs due to the low crop productivity, and higher fertilizer use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0920-4741</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-1650</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0464-3</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WRMAEJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Atmospheric Sciences ; Barley ; Cereal crops ; Civil Engineering ; Consumption ; Corn ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Crops ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Environment ; Environmental conditions ; Exact sciences and technology ; Footprints ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences ; Greywater ; Hordeum vulgare ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrology ; Hydrology. Hydrogeology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Mountains ; Potatoes ; Regions ; Scarcity ; Solanum tuberosum ; Studies ; Sugarcane ; Triticum aestivum ; Water balance ; Water resources ; Water resources management ; Wheat ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>Water resources management, 2013-12, Vol.27 (15), p.5223-5243</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-8ad556e883c8f003ca3e8bc292363d2396279b05741da229b7ea38d43d6e59dc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-8ad556e883c8f003ca3e8bc292363d2396279b05741da229b7ea38d43d6e59dc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11269-013-0464-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11269-013-0464-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28036532$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shrestha, Sangam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandey, Vishnu P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chanamai, Chawalit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Debapi K.</creatorcontrib><title>Green, Blue and Grey Water Footprints of Primary Crops Production in Nepal</title><title>Water resources management</title><addtitle>Water Resour Manage</addtitle><description>This study aims to estimate the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of nine primary crops production in 75 districts, 5 developmental regions and 3 physiographic divisions of Nepal using local meteorological, agronomical and irrigation data at high spatial resolution. The estimates are based on the framework prescribed by the guideline of the Water Footprint Network. The green and blue WFs are calculated using a water balance model whereas the grey WF is estimated as the volume of freshwater needed to dilute nitrate pollution to an acceptable level. WF varies across different crops considered, different districts, development regions and physiographic divisions. WF of potato and wheat in Nepal is comparable to the world average; but paddy, barley and pulses have higher while sugarcane and maize have lower values compared to the world average. WFs of paddy, maize, potato and wheat are lower in Terai than the Hills and Mountains due to the accessibility of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Millet, pulses, oilseeds and barley have lower WFs and are suitable for Mountains. Similarly, sugarcane is suitable for both Terai and Mountain divisions because of its lower WF. Crops in Far Western Development Region generally have higher WFs due to the low crop productivity, and higher fertilizer use.</description><subject>Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Barley</subject><subject>Cereal crops</subject><subject>Civil Engineering</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Crop yield</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Footprints</subject><subject>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Greywater</subject><subject>Hordeum vulgare</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology. 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Water resources management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shrestha, Sangam</au><au>Pandey, Vishnu P.</au><au>Chanamai, Chawalit</au><au>Ghosh, Debapi K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Green, Blue and Grey Water Footprints of Primary Crops Production in Nepal</atitle><jtitle>Water resources management</jtitle><stitle>Water Resour Manage</stitle><date>2013-12-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>5223</spage><epage>5243</epage><pages>5223-5243</pages><issn>0920-4741</issn><eissn>1573-1650</eissn><coden>WRMAEJ</coden><abstract>This study aims to estimate the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of nine primary crops production in 75 districts, 5 developmental regions and 3 physiographic divisions of Nepal using local meteorological, agronomical and irrigation data at high spatial resolution. The estimates are based on the framework prescribed by the guideline of the Water Footprint Network. The green and blue WFs are calculated using a water balance model whereas the grey WF is estimated as the volume of freshwater needed to dilute nitrate pollution to an acceptable level. WF varies across different crops considered, different districts, development regions and physiographic divisions. WF of potato and wheat in Nepal is comparable to the world average; but paddy, barley and pulses have higher while sugarcane and maize have lower values compared to the world average. WFs of paddy, maize, potato and wheat are lower in Terai than the Hills and Mountains due to the accessibility of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Millet, pulses, oilseeds and barley have lower WFs and are suitable for Mountains. Similarly, sugarcane is suitable for both Terai and Mountain divisions because of its lower WF. Crops in Far Western Development Region generally have higher WFs due to the low crop productivity, and higher fertilizer use.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11269-013-0464-3</doi><tpages>21</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atmospheric Sciences Barley Cereal crops Civil Engineering Consumption Corn Crop production Crop yield Crops Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth, ocean, space Environment Environmental conditions Exact sciences and technology Footprints Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Greywater Hordeum vulgare Hydrogeology Hydrology Hydrology. Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Irrigation Irrigation systems Mountains Potatoes Regions Scarcity Solanum tuberosum Studies Sugarcane Triticum aestivum Water balance Water resources Water resources management Wheat Zea mays |
| title | Green, Blue and Grey Water Footprints of Primary Crops Production in Nepal |
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