Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle
Environmental factors were evaluated to determine potential limitations in using cattle eye temperatures obtained through infrared thermography (IRT) for early disease detection systems or in animal welfare research studies. The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Research in veterinary science 2014-02, Vol.96 (1), p.220-226 |
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| creator | Church, J.S. Hegadoren, P.R. Paetkau, M.J. Miller, C.C. Regev-Shoshani, G. Schaefer, A.L. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S. |
| description | Environmental factors were evaluated to determine potential limitations in using cattle eye temperatures obtained through infrared thermography (IRT) for early disease detection systems or in animal welfare research studies. The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and a fabricated surrogate “eye” were evaluated: camera to object distance, wind speed, camera settings (distance, emissivity, and humidity), and solar loading. Wind speed in both live animals and using a surrogate “eye” was found to decrease the IRT temperature. In the presence of ∼7km/h wind, the mean IRT eye temperature decreased by 0.43±0.13°C and; at higher wind speeds (∼12km/h), the temperature decreased by 0.78±0.33°C. Direct sunlight was found to increase the IRT eye temperature by 0.56±0.36°C. It was determined that environmental factors impact IRT temperature measurements significantly and therefore must be managed to ensure reproducible and accurate readings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.006 |
| format | Article |
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The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and a fabricated surrogate “eye” were evaluated: camera to object distance, wind speed, camera settings (distance, emissivity, and humidity), and solar loading. Wind speed in both live animals and using a surrogate “eye” was found to decrease the IRT temperature. In the presence of ∼7km/h wind, the mean IRT eye temperature decreased by 0.43±0.13°C and; at higher wind speeds (∼12km/h), the temperature decreased by 0.78±0.33°C. Direct sunlight was found to increase the IRT eye temperature by 0.56±0.36°C. It was determined that environmental factors impact IRT temperature measurements significantly and therefore must be managed to ensure reproducible and accurate readings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-5288</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2661</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24290729</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Animals ; Automation ; Behavior ; Body temperature ; Body Temperature - physiology ; Cameras ; Cattle - physiology ; Cattle industry ; Disease ; Environment ; Eye temperature ; Female ; Influence ; Infrared radiation ; Infrared thermography ; Male ; Methods ; Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Regression Analysis ; Skin ; Studies ; Sunlight ; Thermography - veterinary ; Veterinary medicine ; Welfare ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Research in veterinary science, 2014-02, Vol.96 (1), p.220-226</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Feb 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-f0b5faa5cbae12a38bafd73dea8766111e5fc5a3d87a1f7771d1a1d4c0ff93a73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-f0b5faa5cbae12a38bafd73dea8766111e5fc5a3d87a1f7771d1a1d4c0ff93a73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,3551,27929,27930,46000</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290729$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Church, J.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegadoren, P.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paetkau, M.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, C.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Regev-Shoshani, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaefer, A.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S.</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle</title><title>Research in veterinary science</title><addtitle>Res Vet Sci</addtitle><description>Environmental factors were evaluated to determine potential limitations in using cattle eye temperatures obtained through infrared thermography (IRT) for early disease detection systems or in animal welfare research studies. The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and a fabricated surrogate “eye” were evaluated: camera to object distance, wind speed, camera settings (distance, emissivity, and humidity), and solar loading. Wind speed in both live animals and using a surrogate “eye” was found to decrease the IRT temperature. In the presence of ∼7km/h wind, the mean IRT eye temperature decreased by 0.43±0.13°C and; at higher wind speeds (∼12km/h), the temperature decreased by 0.78±0.33°C. Direct sunlight was found to increase the IRT eye temperature by 0.56±0.36°C. It was determined that environmental factors impact IRT temperature measurements significantly and therefore must be managed to ensure reproducible and accurate readings.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Body Temperature - physiology</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Cattle - physiology</subject><subject>Cattle industry</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Eye temperature</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Infrared radiation</subject><subject>Infrared thermography</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Ocular Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Thermography - veterinary</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><subject>Welfare</subject><subject>Wind</subject><issn>0034-5288</issn><issn>1532-2661</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFr3DAQhUVoabZp_0AOxdBLL3Y1kmzZ0EsJTRsI9NKcxaw0Ai-2tJXshfz7yuy2hx5yepfvPWY-xm6BN8Ch-3xo0inbRnCQDUDDeXfFdtBKUYuug1dsx7lUdSv6_pq9zfnAOVcA-g27FkoMXIthx54egp9WCpaq6CsKpzHFMFNYcKo82iWmXMVQjcEnTOQqeqZqoflICZc1UTUT5pJbIxeqsrgsE71jrz1Omd5f8oY93X_7dfejfvz5_eHu62NtZa-W2vN96xFbu0cCgbLfo3daOsJelw8AqPW2Rel6jeC11uAAwSnLvR8kannDPp13jyn-XikvZh6zpWnCQHHNBtQAvINB8YJ-_A89xDWFct2FUkq2hRJnyqaYcyJvjmmcMT0b4GaTbg5mk2426QbAFOml9OEyve5ncv8qfy0X4MsZoOLiNFIy2Y6bczcmsotxcXxp_w_wRZRm</recordid><startdate>201402</startdate><enddate>201402</enddate><creator>Church, J.S.</creator><creator>Hegadoren, P.R.</creator><creator>Paetkau, M.J.</creator><creator>Miller, C.C.</creator><creator>Regev-Shoshani, G.</creator><creator>Schaefer, A.L.</creator><creator>Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201402</creationdate><title>Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle</title><author>Church, J.S. ; 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The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and a fabricated surrogate “eye” were evaluated: camera to object distance, wind speed, camera settings (distance, emissivity, and humidity), and solar loading. Wind speed in both live animals and using a surrogate “eye” was found to decrease the IRT temperature. In the presence of ∼7km/h wind, the mean IRT eye temperature decreased by 0.43±0.13°C and; at higher wind speeds (∼12km/h), the temperature decreased by 0.78±0.33°C. Direct sunlight was found to increase the IRT eye temperature by 0.56±0.36°C. It was determined that environmental factors impact IRT temperature measurements significantly and therefore must be managed to ensure reproducible and accurate readings.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>24290729</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.006</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Accuracy Animals Automation Behavior Body temperature Body Temperature - physiology Cameras Cattle - physiology Cattle industry Disease Environment Eye temperature Female Influence Infrared radiation Infrared thermography Male Methods Ocular Physiological Phenomena Regression Analysis Skin Studies Sunlight Thermography - veterinary Veterinary medicine Welfare Wind |
| title | Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle |
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