Theoretical evaluation of high-energy lithium metal phosphate cathode materials in Li-ion batteries
Lithium metal phosphates (olivines) are emerging as long-lived, safe cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Nano-LiFePO 4 already appears in high-power applications, and LiMnPO 4 development is underway. Current and emerging Fe- and Mn-based intercalants, however, are low-energy producers compared t...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of power sources 2007-03, Vol.165 (2), p.887-891 |
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Hauptverfasser: | , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Lithium metal phosphates (olivines) are emerging as long-lived, safe cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Nano-LiFePO
4 already appears in high-power applications, and LiMnPO
4 development is underway. Current and emerging Fe- and Mn-based intercalants, however, are low-energy producers compared to Ni and Co compounds. LiNiPO
4, a high voltage olivine, has the potential for superior energy output (>10.7
Wh in 18650 batteries), compared with commercial Li(Co,Ni)O
2 derivatives (up to 9.9
Wh). Speculative Co and Ni olivine cathode materials charged to above 4.5
V will require significant advances in electrolyte compositions and nanotechnology before commercialization. The major drivers toward 5
V battery chemistries are the inherent abuse tolerance of phosphates and the economic benefit of LiNiPO
4: it can produce 34% greater energy per dollar of cell material cost than LiAl
0.05Co
0.15Ni
0.8O
2, today's “standard” cathode intercalant in Li-ion batteries. |
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ISSN: | 0378-7753 1873-2755 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.046 |