Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins on microcystin content and growth of ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce
The effect of irrigation with lake water containing a variety of microcystins on accumulation of toxins, or toxin metabolites, and plant growth in ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce, was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six...
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description | The effect of irrigation with lake water containing a variety of microcystins on accumulation of toxins, or toxin metabolites, and plant growth in ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce, was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six applications of lake water, which was applied either directly to the sand surface or to the plant shoots. As determined by LC-MS, each plant received 170 μg of a mixture of 10 different microcystins per application. Microcystins in plant samples were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by Adda-specific ELISA. For the shoot application treatment, microcystins were not present at measurable levels in shoots of ryegrass or rape, but were present in lettuce [0.79 mg/kg dry weight (DW)] and clover (0.20 mg/kg DW). Total microcystin concentration in roots did not vary greatly depending on whether treatment water was applied directly to the sand, or reached the roots via run-off from the shoots. Microcystins in roots were highest in clover (1.45 mg/kg DW), intermediate in lettuce (0.68 mg/kg DW) and low in ryegrass (0.20 mg/kg DW), and rape (0.12 mg/kg DW). There was no evidence for root-to-shoot translocation of microcystins. Three applications of microcystins reduced shoot DW of ryegrass, rape and lettuce, and increased root DW of ryegrass and lettuce. Clover DW was not changed by treatment with microcystins. The results show that irrigation with water containing microcystins has the potential to move microcystins into farm animal and human food chains at concentrations that can exceed recommended tolerable limits. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/tox.20331 |
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The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six applications of lake water, which was applied either directly to the sand surface or to the plant shoots. As determined by LC-MS, each plant received 170 μg of a mixture of 10 different microcystins per application. Microcystins in plant samples were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by Adda-specific ELISA. For the shoot application treatment, microcystins were not present at measurable levels in shoots of ryegrass or rape, but were present in lettuce [0.79 mg/kg dry weight (DW)] and clover (0.20 mg/kg DW). Total microcystin concentration in roots did not vary greatly depending on whether treatment water was applied directly to the sand, or reached the roots via run-off from the shoots. Microcystins in roots were highest in clover (1.45 mg/kg DW), intermediate in lettuce (0.68 mg/kg DW) and low in ryegrass (0.20 mg/kg DW), and rape (0.12 mg/kg DW). There was no evidence for root-to-shoot translocation of microcystins. Three applications of microcystins reduced shoot DW of ryegrass, rape and lettuce, and increased root DW of ryegrass and lettuce. Clover DW was not changed by treatment with microcystins. The results show that irrigation with water containing microcystins has the potential to move microcystins into farm animal and human food chains at concentrations that can exceed recommended tolerable limits.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1520-4081</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-7278</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/tox.20331</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18214908</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brassica ; Brassica rapa - chemistry ; Brassica rapa - drug effects ; Brassica rapa - growth & development ; Chromatography, Liquid ; cyanobacteria ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Fresh Water - chemistry ; Fresh water ecosystems ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Lactuca ; Lactuca - chemistry ; Lactuca - drug effects ; Lactuca - growth & development ; Lolium ; Lolium - chemistry ; Lolium - drug effects ; Lolium - growth & development ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicago - chemistry ; Medicago - drug effects ; Medicago - growth & development ; microcystins ; Microcystins - analysis ; Microcystins - toxicity ; Plant Roots - chemistry ; Plant Roots - drug effects ; Plant Roots - growth & development ; Plant Shoots - chemistry ; Plant Shoots - drug effects ; Plant Shoots - growth & development ; plant uptake ; Synecology ; toxin accumulation ; Trifolium ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity]]></subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology, 2008-04, Vol.23 (2), p.246-252</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>(Copyright) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4461-42c35b43b1c9ebb6b9bcb9404dccf74741e84644348a90e870da4f7e2e8568513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4461-42c35b43b1c9ebb6b9bcb9404dccf74741e84644348a90e870da4f7e2e8568513</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Ftox.20331$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Ftox.20331$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20238986$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18214908$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crush, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briggs, L.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprosen, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nichols, S.N</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins on microcystin content and growth of ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce</title><title>Environmental toxicology</title><addtitle>Environ. Toxicol</addtitle><description>The effect of irrigation with lake water containing a variety of microcystins on accumulation of toxins, or toxin metabolites, and plant growth in ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce, was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six applications of lake water, which was applied either directly to the sand surface or to the plant shoots. As determined by LC-MS, each plant received 170 μg of a mixture of 10 different microcystins per application. Microcystins in plant samples were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by Adda-specific ELISA. For the shoot application treatment, microcystins were not present at measurable levels in shoots of ryegrass or rape, but were present in lettuce [0.79 mg/kg dry weight (DW)] and clover (0.20 mg/kg DW). Total microcystin concentration in roots did not vary greatly depending on whether treatment water was applied directly to the sand, or reached the roots via run-off from the shoots. Microcystins in roots were highest in clover (1.45 mg/kg DW), intermediate in lettuce (0.68 mg/kg DW) and low in ryegrass (0.20 mg/kg DW), and rape (0.12 mg/kg DW). There was no evidence for root-to-shoot translocation of microcystins. Three applications of microcystins reduced shoot DW of ryegrass, rape and lettuce, and increased root DW of ryegrass and lettuce. Clover DW was not changed by treatment with microcystins. The results show that irrigation with water containing microcystins has the potential to move microcystins into farm animal and human food chains at concentrations that can exceed recommended tolerable limits.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brassica</subject><subject>Brassica rapa - chemistry</subject><subject>Brassica rapa - drug effects</subject><subject>Brassica rapa - growth & development</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>cyanobacteria</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Fresh Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Fresh water ecosystems</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Lactuca</subject><subject>Lactuca - chemistry</subject><subject>Lactuca - drug effects</subject><subject>Lactuca - growth & development</subject><subject>Lolium</subject><subject>Lolium - chemistry</subject><subject>Lolium - drug effects</subject><subject>Lolium - growth & development</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Medicago - chemistry</subject><subject>Medicago - drug effects</subject><subject>Medicago - growth & development</subject><subject>microcystins</subject><subject>Microcystins - analysis</subject><subject>Microcystins - toxicity</subject><subject>Plant Roots - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Roots - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Roots - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - growth & development</subject><subject>plant uptake</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>toxin accumulation</subject><subject>Trifolium</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><issn>1520-4081</issn><issn>1522-7278</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10Mtu1DAUBuAIgegFFrwAeAMS0qT1LbazrEoplXqRYCrYWY7nJJhm4sH2dDoP0PeuOxkKG1a2pe9c_BfFG4IPCMb0MPm7A4oZI8-KXVJRWkoq1fPNHZccK7JT7MX4C2Nci0q8LHaIooTXWO0W9ydtCzYh3yIXgutMcn5AK5d-ot7cAFqZBAFZPyTjBjd0aO5s8HYdkxsiyvSf94bBkJAZZqgLfpWb5L5hDV0wMU6Q7f0thAkKZgGTjeohpaWFV8WL1vQRXm_P_eL688n0-Et5fnV6dnx0XlrOBSk5taxqOGuIraFpRFM3tqk55jNrW8klJ6C44JxxZWoMSuKZ4a0ECqoSqiJsv_gw9l0E_3sJMem5ixb63gzgl1ETriomZJXhxxHmz8UYoNWL4OYmrDXB-jFznTPXm8yzfbttumzmMPsrtyFn8H4LTLSmb4MZrItPjmLKVK1EdoejW7ke1v-fqKdXP_6MLscKFxPcPVWYcKOFZLLS3y9P9WU9vfjKP1H9OOHd6FvjtelC3uL6G8WEYaykYHmHB_q4soI</recordid><startdate>200804</startdate><enddate>200804</enddate><creator>Crush, J.R</creator><creator>Briggs, L.R</creator><creator>Sprosen, J.M</creator><creator>Nichols, S.N</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200804</creationdate><title>Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins on microcystin content and growth of ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce</title><author>Crush, J.R ; Briggs, L.R ; Sprosen, J.M ; Nichols, S.N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4461-42c35b43b1c9ebb6b9bcb9404dccf74741e84644348a90e870da4f7e2e8568513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brassica</topic><topic>Brassica rapa - chemistry</topic><topic>Brassica rapa - drug effects</topic><topic>Brassica rapa - growth & development</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>cyanobacteria</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Fresh Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Fresh water ecosystems</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Lactuca</topic><topic>Lactuca - chemistry</topic><topic>Lactuca - drug effects</topic><topic>Lactuca - growth & development</topic><topic>Lolium</topic><topic>Lolium - chemistry</topic><topic>Lolium - drug effects</topic><topic>Lolium - growth & development</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Medicago - chemistry</topic><topic>Medicago - drug effects</topic><topic>Medicago - growth & development</topic><topic>microcystins</topic><topic>Microcystins - analysis</topic><topic>Microcystins - toxicity</topic><topic>Plant Roots - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Roots - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Roots - growth & development</topic><topic>Plant Shoots - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Shoots - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Shoots - growth & development</topic><topic>plant uptake</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>toxin accumulation</topic><topic>Trifolium</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crush, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briggs, L.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprosen, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nichols, S.N</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crush, J.R</au><au>Briggs, L.R</au><au>Sprosen, J.M</au><au>Nichols, S.N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins on microcystin content and growth of ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Toxicol</addtitle><date>2008-04</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>246</spage><epage>252</epage><pages>246-252</pages><issn>1520-4081</issn><eissn>1522-7278</eissn><abstract>The effect of irrigation with lake water containing a variety of microcystins on accumulation of toxins, or toxin metabolites, and plant growth in ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce, was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six applications of lake water, which was applied either directly to the sand surface or to the plant shoots. As determined by LC-MS, each plant received 170 μg of a mixture of 10 different microcystins per application. Microcystins in plant samples were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by Adda-specific ELISA. For the shoot application treatment, microcystins were not present at measurable levels in shoots of ryegrass or rape, but were present in lettuce [0.79 mg/kg dry weight (DW)] and clover (0.20 mg/kg DW). Total microcystin concentration in roots did not vary greatly depending on whether treatment water was applied directly to the sand, or reached the roots via run-off from the shoots. Microcystins in roots were highest in clover (1.45 mg/kg DW), intermediate in lettuce (0.68 mg/kg DW) and low in ryegrass (0.20 mg/kg DW), and rape (0.12 mg/kg DW). There was no evidence for root-to-shoot translocation of microcystins. Three applications of microcystins reduced shoot DW of ryegrass, rape and lettuce, and increased root DW of ryegrass and lettuce. Clover DW was not changed by treatment with microcystins. The results show that irrigation with water containing microcystins has the potential to move microcystins into farm animal and human food chains at concentrations that can exceed recommended tolerable limits.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>18214908</pmid><doi>10.1002/tox.20331</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Brassica Brassica rapa - chemistry Brassica rapa - drug effects Brassica rapa - growth & development Chromatography, Liquid cyanobacteria Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Fresh Water - chemistry Fresh water ecosystems Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Lactuca Lactuca - chemistry Lactuca - drug effects Lactuca - growth & development Lolium Lolium - chemistry Lolium - drug effects Lolium - growth & development Mass Spectrometry Medicago - chemistry Medicago - drug effects Medicago - growth & development microcystins Microcystins - analysis Microcystins - toxicity Plant Roots - chemistry Plant Roots - drug effects Plant Roots - growth & development Plant Shoots - chemistry Plant Shoots - drug effects Plant Shoots - growth & development plant uptake Synecology toxin accumulation Trifolium Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity |
title | Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins on microcystin content and growth of ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce |
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