New insights into the influence of cigarette smoking on urothelial carcinogenesis: Smoking-induced gene expression in tumor-free urothelium might discriminate muscle-invasive from nonmuscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

Smoking is the main risk factor for urothelial bladder cancer. In former smokers the risk decreases but does not reach the low level of never smokers. This indicates reversible and permanent smoking‐derived genetic alterations. Transcriptional changes may point to mechanisms, how smoking promotes ur...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular carcinogenesis 2012-11, Vol.51 (11), p.907-915
Hauptverfasser: Gabriel, Ute, Li, Li, Bolenz, Christian, Steidler, Annette, Kränzlin, Bettina, Saile, Maria, Gretz, Norbert, Trojan, Lutz, Michel, Maurice Stephan
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container_end_page 915
container_issue 11
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container_title Molecular carcinogenesis
container_volume 51
creator Gabriel, Ute
Li, Li
Bolenz, Christian
Steidler, Annette
Kränzlin, Bettina
Saile, Maria
Gretz, Norbert
Trojan, Lutz
Michel, Maurice Stephan
description Smoking is the main risk factor for urothelial bladder cancer. In former smokers the risk decreases but does not reach the low level of never smokers. This indicates reversible and permanent smoking‐derived genetic alterations. Transcriptional changes may point to mechanisms, how smoking promotes urothelial bladder cancer. To identify smoking‐derived transcriptional changes we performed gene expression profiling in current, former, and never smokers, using tumor and tumor‐free urothelium from patients with nonmuscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (NMIBC) or muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). Smoking turned out to influence gene expression much less than tumor stage (NMIBC or MIBC) and tumor transformation (tumor‐free or tumor). Smoking seemed to influence gene expression in patients with MIBC more strongly compared to those with NMIBC. The least irreversible changes after smoking cessation were proposed in tumor‐free urothelium from patients with NMIBC. Growth factors and oncogenes were up‐regulated in tumor‐free urothelium from smokers with MIBC but not from smokers with NMIBC. A panel of genes up‐regulated in smokers have potential for early detection and distinction of MIBC from NMIBC using tumor‐free tissue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/mc.20860
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In former smokers the risk decreases but does not reach the low level of never smokers. This indicates reversible and permanent smoking‐derived genetic alterations. Transcriptional changes may point to mechanisms, how smoking promotes urothelial bladder cancer. To identify smoking‐derived transcriptional changes we performed gene expression profiling in current, former, and never smokers, using tumor and tumor‐free urothelium from patients with nonmuscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (NMIBC) or muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). Smoking turned out to influence gene expression much less than tumor stage (NMIBC or MIBC) and tumor transformation (tumor‐free or tumor). Smoking seemed to influence gene expression in patients with MIBC more strongly compared to those with NMIBC. The least irreversible changes after smoking cessation were proposed in tumor‐free urothelium from patients with NMIBC. Growth factors and oncogenes were up‐regulated in tumor‐free urothelium from smokers with MIBC but not from smokers with NMIBC. 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Carcinog</addtitle><date>2012-11</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>907</spage><epage>915</epage><pages>907-915</pages><issn>0899-1987</issn><eissn>1098-2744</eissn><abstract>Smoking is the main risk factor for urothelial bladder cancer. In former smokers the risk decreases but does not reach the low level of never smokers. This indicates reversible and permanent smoking‐derived genetic alterations. Transcriptional changes may point to mechanisms, how smoking promotes urothelial bladder cancer. To identify smoking‐derived transcriptional changes we performed gene expression profiling in current, former, and never smokers, using tumor and tumor‐free urothelium from patients with nonmuscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (NMIBC) or muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). Smoking turned out to influence gene expression much less than tumor stage (NMIBC or MIBC) and tumor transformation (tumor‐free or tumor). 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subjects Bladder cancer
Cancer
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology
Disease Progression
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
markers
microarray analysis
Neoplasm Invasiveness - genetics
Neoplasm Invasiveness - pathology
risk assessment
Signal Transduction
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Smoking - genetics
Smoking - metabolism
Smoking - pathology
Smoking Cessation
tobacco smoking
Tumors
Urinary Bladder - metabolism
Urinary Bladder - pathology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - genetics
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - metabolism
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology
urothelial carcinoma
Urothelium - metabolism
Urothelium - pathology
title New insights into the influence of cigarette smoking on urothelial carcinogenesis: Smoking-induced gene expression in tumor-free urothelium might discriminate muscle-invasive from nonmuscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer
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