Deuterium retention in NSTX with lithium conditioning
High (≈90%) deuterium retention was observed in NSTX gas balance measurements both with- and without lithiumization of the carbon plasma-facing components. The gas retained in ohmic discharges was measured by comparing the vessel pressure rise after a discharge to that of a gas-only pulse with the p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of nuclear materials 2011-08, Vol.415 (1), p.S773-S776 |
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| container_end_page | S776 |
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| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | S773 |
| container_title | Journal of nuclear materials |
| container_volume | 415 |
| creator | Skinner, C.H. Allain, J.P. Blanchard, W. Kugel, H.W. Maingi, R. Roquemore, L. Soukhanovskii, V. Taylor, C.N. |
| description | High (≈90%) deuterium retention was observed in NSTX gas balance measurements both with- and without lithiumization of the carbon plasma-facing components. The gas retained in ohmic discharges was measured by comparing the vessel pressure rise after a discharge to that of a gas-only pulse with the pumping valves closed. For neutral beam heated discharges the gas input and gas pumped by the NB cryopanels were tracked. The discharges were followed by outgassing of deuterium that reduced the retention. The relationship between retention and surface chemistry was explored with a new plasma–material interface probe connected to an in vacuo surface science station that exposed four material samples to the plasma. XPS and TDS analysis demonstrated that binding of D atoms in graphite is fundamentally changed by lithium – in particular atoms are weakly bonded in regions near lithium atoms bound to either oxygen or the carbon matrix. This is in contrast to the strong ionic bonding that occurs between D and pure Li. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.08.063 |
| format | Article |
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The gas retained in ohmic discharges was measured by comparing the vessel pressure rise after a discharge to that of a gas-only pulse with the pumping valves closed. For neutral beam heated discharges the gas input and gas pumped by the NB cryopanels were tracked. The discharges were followed by outgassing of deuterium that reduced the retention. The relationship between retention and surface chemistry was explored with a new plasma–material interface probe connected to an in vacuo surface science station that exposed four material samples to the plasma. XPS and TDS analysis demonstrated that binding of D atoms in graphite is fundamentally changed by lithium – in particular atoms are weakly bonded in regions near lithium atoms bound to either oxygen or the carbon matrix. 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Thermal use of fuels ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fission nuclear power plants ; Fuels ; Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy ; Lithium ; Nuclear fuels ; Ohmic ; Outgassing ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Journal of nuclear materials, 2011-08, Vol.415 (1), p.S773-S776</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-39b01f7884a8b69f9ac6eb449048d367b06e377ec3e7ed96c697034fe8c86a1a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-39b01f7884a8b69f9ac6eb449048d367b06e377ec3e7ed96c697034fe8c86a1a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.08.063$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,3550,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24786451$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Skinner, C.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allain, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanchard, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kugel, H.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maingi, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roquemore, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soukhanovskii, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, C.N.</creatorcontrib><title>Deuterium retention in NSTX with lithium conditioning</title><title>Journal of nuclear materials</title><description>High (≈90%) deuterium retention was observed in NSTX gas balance measurements both with- and without lithiumization of the carbon plasma-facing components. The gas retained in ohmic discharges was measured by comparing the vessel pressure rise after a discharge to that of a gas-only pulse with the pumping valves closed. For neutral beam heated discharges the gas input and gas pumped by the NB cryopanels were tracked. The discharges were followed by outgassing of deuterium that reduced the retention. The relationship between retention and surface chemistry was explored with a new plasma–material interface probe connected to an in vacuo surface science station that exposed four material samples to the plasma. XPS and TDS analysis demonstrated that binding of D atoms in graphite is fundamentally changed by lithium – in particular atoms are weakly bonded in regions near lithium atoms bound to either oxygen or the carbon matrix. This is in contrast to the strong ionic bonding that occurs between D and pure Li.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Chemical bonds</subject><subject>Controled nuclear fusion plants</subject><subject>Deuterium</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy. Thermal use of fuels</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fission nuclear power plants</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Nuclear fuels</subject><subject>Ohmic</subject><subject>Outgassing</subject><subject>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>0022-3115</issn><issn>1873-4820</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE9LxDAQxYMouK5-BKEXwUvrpEnT9CTif1j04AreQppONaVN16RV_Pa27OLVywzM-8085hFySiGhQMVFkzRuNJ0ekhSmGcgEBNsjCypzFnOZwj5ZAKRpzCjNDslRCA0AZAVkC5Ld4Digt2MXeRzQDbZ3kXXR08v6Lfq2w0fUTmWWTe8qO8vWvR-Tg1q3AU92fUle727X1w_x6vn-8fpqFRtOiyFmRQm0zqXkWpaiqAttBJacF8BlxURegkCW52gY5lgVwogiB8ZrlEYKTTVbkvPt3Y3vP0cMg-psMNi22mE_BkW54JnkGWMTmm1R4_sQPNZq422n_Y-ioOaYVKN2Mak5JgVSTTFNe2c7Cx2MbmuvnbHhbznluZw86MRdbjmc_v2y6FUwFp3Byno0g6p6-4_TL7Enf8s</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>Skinner, C.H.</creator><creator>Allain, J.P.</creator><creator>Blanchard, W.</creator><creator>Kugel, H.W.</creator><creator>Maingi, R.</creator><creator>Roquemore, L.</creator><creator>Soukhanovskii, V.</creator><creator>Taylor, C.N.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Deuterium retention in NSTX with lithium conditioning</title><author>Skinner, C.H. ; Allain, J.P. ; Blanchard, W. ; Kugel, H.W. ; Maingi, R. ; Roquemore, L. ; Soukhanovskii, V. ; Taylor, C.N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-39b01f7884a8b69f9ac6eb449048d367b06e377ec3e7ed96c697034fe8c86a1a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Binding</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chemical bonds</topic><topic>Controled nuclear fusion plants</topic><topic>Deuterium</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy. Thermal use of fuels</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fission nuclear power plants</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Nuclear fuels</topic><topic>Ohmic</topic><topic>Outgassing</topic><topic>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Skinner, C.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allain, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanchard, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kugel, H.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maingi, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roquemore, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soukhanovskii, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, C.N.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of nuclear materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Skinner, C.H.</au><au>Allain, J.P.</au><au>Blanchard, W.</au><au>Kugel, H.W.</au><au>Maingi, R.</au><au>Roquemore, L.</au><au>Soukhanovskii, V.</au><au>Taylor, C.N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Deuterium retention in NSTX with lithium conditioning</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nuclear materials</jtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>415</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>S773</spage><epage>S776</epage><pages>S773-S776</pages><issn>0022-3115</issn><eissn>1873-4820</eissn><coden>JNUMAM</coden><abstract>High (≈90%) deuterium retention was observed in NSTX gas balance measurements both with- and without lithiumization of the carbon plasma-facing components. The gas retained in ohmic discharges was measured by comparing the vessel pressure rise after a discharge to that of a gas-only pulse with the pumping valves closed. For neutral beam heated discharges the gas input and gas pumped by the NB cryopanels were tracked. The discharges were followed by outgassing of deuterium that reduced the retention. The relationship between retention and surface chemistry was explored with a new plasma–material interface probe connected to an in vacuo surface science station that exposed four material samples to the plasma. XPS and TDS analysis demonstrated that binding of D atoms in graphite is fundamentally changed by lithium – in particular atoms are weakly bonded in regions near lithium atoms bound to either oxygen or the carbon matrix. 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| subjects | Applied sciences Binding Carbon Chemical bonds Controled nuclear fusion plants Deuterium Energy Energy. Thermal use of fuels Exact sciences and technology Fission nuclear power plants Fuels Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy Lithium Nuclear fuels Ohmic Outgassing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Deuterium retention in NSTX with lithium conditioning |
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