Strategies for linking information by German and Japanese native Speakers and by German learners of Japanese

In these utterances, the information from the domain of ENTITY is encoded via the grammatical subject. [...]there are two options regarding the predominance within the topic part of the propositional structure: A. 'TIME > ENTITY' : by placing the temporal adverb before the subject in the clause, the speaker can give preference to a newly introduced time span over the topic entity, indicating this:15 ( 18) jetzt ist auch herr grün aus dem fenster gesprungen. For segment 28, 9 of 20 Japanese speakers do not mention the event of fire, and 6 of these 9 speakers employ the adverbial 'still' in order to relate the information [Mr. Red's not-jumping] (segment 28) to the same information asserted for a previous span of time (segment 25). [...]it seems that the speaker - probably regardless of his/her language - could easily recognize the 'still'-relation between segment 25 and 28, if the interjacent event of fire is not involved in the retelling. In linking information concerning the main characters, the Japanese speakers typically organize a shift-in-ENTlTY with the additive particle -mo in order to mark that the same comment applies for different topic entities (analysis unit 1 ). [...]the comparisons invite the expectation that a parallel event to an event that already occurred in relation to one character will happen to another topic entity; its realization is then marked by the temporal adverb yooyaku 'finally (-(-expectation)' in sentence initial position and by the additive particle -mo 'also' (as in [23]). Complemented by the present author. 6. Because not one, but two propositional structures (segments 26 and 24) are involved in the linking pattern ? as antecedents, there seems to be a competition between a shift-in-ENTITY and a shift-in-TIME for predominance in information organization for segment 27.