Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome
Background: Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory atta...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Multiple sclerosis 2013-12, Vol.19 (14), p.1887-1895 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1895 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 14 |
| container_start_page | 1887 |
| container_title | Multiple sclerosis |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Oberwahrenbrock, Timm Ringelstein, Marius Jentschke, Simon Deuschle, Katrin Klumbies, Katharina Bellmann-Strobl, Judith Harmel, Jens Ruprecht, Klemens Schippling, Sven Hartung, Hans-Peter Aktas, Orhan Brandt, Alexander U Paul, Friedemann |
| description | Background:
Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks.
Objective:
To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Method:
45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON).
Results:
CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1352458513489757 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1462187943</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_1352458513489757</sage_id><sourcerecordid>3143645811</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-b77dc115e04043fbfa36f7fd8b7d1b971ac06a1466bc5825cd241b053638a29f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kNtLHDEYxUNRurrte59KQAq-jM11vsyjSL2AIIiFvg2ZTLLNksmsySy4_71Zd1tF8CmX8ztfcg5C3yg5oxTgJ-WSCakk5UI1IOETOqICoCINkIOyL3K11WfoOOclIQSAy89oxjgQJjg_Qn_u7eSjDnih4yL4MWJjQ8A69tjHaBNeBfvk3ZgGHPSmnKe_5d7HRZGxCT56o0PYYJ_HoCfb47yJfRoH-wUdOh2y_bpf5-j35a-Hi-vq9u7q5uL8tjKS8KnqAHpDqbREEMFd5zSvHbheddDTrgGqDak1FXXdGamYND0TtCOS11xp1jg-R6e7uas0Pq5tntrB520GHe24zm2xMqqgKWnn6OQduhzXqYR_obgExpQqFNlRJo05J-vaVfKDTpuWknbbevu-9WL5vh-87gbb_zf8q7kAP_aAzqUvl3Q0Pr9y0DQKBCtcteOyXtg3v_vo4Wc7HJYP</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1463572288</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete A-Z List</source><creator>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm ; Ringelstein, Marius ; Jentschke, Simon ; Deuschle, Katrin ; Klumbies, Katharina ; Bellmann-Strobl, Judith ; Harmel, Jens ; Ruprecht, Klemens ; Schippling, Sven ; Hartung, Hans-Peter ; Aktas, Orhan ; Brandt, Alexander U ; Paul, Friedemann</creator><creatorcontrib>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm ; Ringelstein, Marius ; Jentschke, Simon ; Deuschle, Katrin ; Klumbies, Katharina ; Bellmann-Strobl, Judith ; Harmel, Jens ; Ruprecht, Klemens ; Schippling, Sven ; Hartung, Hans-Peter ; Aktas, Orhan ; Brandt, Alexander U ; Paul, Friedemann</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks.
Objective:
To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Method:
45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON).
Results:
CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-4585</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-0970</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1352458513489757</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23702433</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases ; Demyelinating Diseases - pathology ; Demyelinating Diseases - physiopathology ; Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation ; Early Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Germany ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis ; Neurology ; Optic Neuritis - pathology ; Optic Neuritis - physiopathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Multiple sclerosis, 2013-12, Vol.19 (14), p.1887-1895</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2013</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>SAGE Publications © Dec 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-b77dc115e04043fbfa36f7fd8b7d1b971ac06a1466bc5825cd241b053638a29f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-b77dc115e04043fbfa36f7fd8b7d1b971ac06a1466bc5825cd241b053638a29f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1352458513489757$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1352458513489757$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21819,27924,27925,43621,43622</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27998742$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23702433$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringelstein, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jentschke, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deuschle, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klumbies, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellmann-Strobl, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harmel, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruprecht, Klemens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schippling, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartung, Hans-Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aktas, Orhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandt, Alexander U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul, Friedemann</creatorcontrib><title>Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome</title><title>Multiple sclerosis</title><addtitle>Mult Scler</addtitle><description>Background:
Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks.
Objective:
To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Method:
45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON).
Results:
CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</subject><subject>Demyelinating Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Demyelinating Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</subject><subject>Early Diagnosis</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Visual</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Optic Neuritis - pathology</subject><subject>Optic Neuritis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1352-4585</issn><issn>1477-0970</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFRWT</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kNtLHDEYxUNRurrte59KQAq-jM11vsyjSL2AIIiFvg2ZTLLNksmsySy4_71Zd1tF8CmX8ztfcg5C3yg5oxTgJ-WSCakk5UI1IOETOqICoCINkIOyL3K11WfoOOclIQSAy89oxjgQJjg_Qn_u7eSjDnih4yL4MWJjQ8A69tjHaBNeBfvk3ZgGHPSmnKe_5d7HRZGxCT56o0PYYJ_HoCfb47yJfRoH-wUdOh2y_bpf5-j35a-Hi-vq9u7q5uL8tjKS8KnqAHpDqbREEMFd5zSvHbheddDTrgGqDak1FXXdGamYND0TtCOS11xp1jg-R6e7uas0Pq5tntrB520GHe24zm2xMqqgKWnn6OQduhzXqYR_obgExpQqFNlRJo05J-vaVfKDTpuWknbbevu-9WL5vh-87gbb_zf8q7kAP_aAzqUvl3Q0Pr9y0DQKBCtcteOyXtg3v_vo4Wc7HJYP</recordid><startdate>20131201</startdate><enddate>20131201</enddate><creator>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm</creator><creator>Ringelstein, Marius</creator><creator>Jentschke, Simon</creator><creator>Deuschle, Katrin</creator><creator>Klumbies, Katharina</creator><creator>Bellmann-Strobl, Judith</creator><creator>Harmel, Jens</creator><creator>Ruprecht, Klemens</creator><creator>Schippling, Sven</creator><creator>Hartung, Hans-Peter</creator><creator>Aktas, Orhan</creator><creator>Brandt, Alexander U</creator><creator>Paul, Friedemann</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>AFRWT</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131201</creationdate><title>Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome</title><author>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm ; Ringelstein, Marius ; Jentschke, Simon ; Deuschle, Katrin ; Klumbies, Katharina ; Bellmann-Strobl, Judith ; Harmel, Jens ; Ruprecht, Klemens ; Schippling, Sven ; Hartung, Hans-Peter ; Aktas, Orhan ; Brandt, Alexander U ; Paul, Friedemann</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-b77dc115e04043fbfa36f7fd8b7d1b971ac06a1466bc5825cd241b053638a29f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</topic><topic>Demyelinating Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Demyelinating Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</topic><topic>Early Diagnosis</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials, Visual</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Germany</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Optic Neuritis - pathology</topic><topic>Optic Neuritis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringelstein, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jentschke, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deuschle, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klumbies, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellmann-Strobl, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harmel, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruprecht, Klemens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schippling, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartung, Hans-Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aktas, Orhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandt, Alexander U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul, Friedemann</creatorcontrib><collection>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Multiple sclerosis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oberwahrenbrock, Timm</au><au>Ringelstein, Marius</au><au>Jentschke, Simon</au><au>Deuschle, Katrin</au><au>Klumbies, Katharina</au><au>Bellmann-Strobl, Judith</au><au>Harmel, Jens</au><au>Ruprecht, Klemens</au><au>Schippling, Sven</au><au>Hartung, Hans-Peter</au><au>Aktas, Orhan</au><au>Brandt, Alexander U</au><au>Paul, Friedemann</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome</atitle><jtitle>Multiple sclerosis</jtitle><addtitle>Mult Scler</addtitle><date>2013-12-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>1887</spage><epage>1895</epage><pages>1887-1895</pages><issn>1352-4585</issn><eissn>1477-0970</eissn><abstract>Background:
Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks.
Objective:
To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Method:
45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON).
Results:
CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>23702433</pmid><doi>10.1177/1352458513489757</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1352-4585 |
| ispartof | Multiple sclerosis, 2013-12, Vol.19 (14), p.1887-1895 |
| issn | 1352-4585 1477-0970 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1462187943 |
| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete A-Z List |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Demyelinating Diseases - pathology Demyelinating Diseases - physiopathology Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation Early Diagnosis Evoked Potentials, Visual Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Germany Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis Neurology Optic Neuritis - pathology Optic Neuritis - physiopathology Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology Tomography, Optical Coherence Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Young Adult |
| title | Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-06T09%3A06%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Retinal%20ganglion%20cell%20and%20inner%20plexiform%20layer%20thinning%20in%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome&rft.jtitle=Multiple%20sclerosis&rft.au=Oberwahrenbrock,%20Timm&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1887&rft.epage=1895&rft.pages=1887-1895&rft.issn=1352-4585&rft.eissn=1477-0970&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177/1352458513489757&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3143645811%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1463572288&rft_id=info:pmid/23702433&rft_sage_id=10.1177_1352458513489757&rfr_iscdi=true |