Confirmation of the Presence of Squalene in Human Eyelid Lipid by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy
1 H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to quantify squalene in meibum and sebum. Squalene has many beneficial properties and its loss on the surface of skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or in the tear film with dry eye could be detrimental. In this study, we confirm the NMR proton resonance assignmen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Lipids 2013-12, Vol.48 (12), p.1269-1277 |
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| creator | Borchman, Douglas Yappert, Marta C. Milliner, Sarah E. Smith, Ryan J. Bhola, Rahul |
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H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to quantify squalene in meibum and sebum. Squalene has many beneficial properties and its loss on the surface of skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or in the tear film with dry eye could be detrimental. In this study, we confirm the NMR proton resonance assignments of squalene, squalene in human meibum, and in human eyelid lipid using heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Our results confirm the presence of squalene in eyelid lipid. We speculate that the squalene in eyelid lipid could be secreted from sebaceous glands. The NMR resonances between 5.2 and 5.0 ppm, characteristic of the =CH of squalene, were resolved in the spectrum of human meibum and used to estimate that 1 % or less of squalene is present in meibum. However, the resonance assignments of squalene in meibum were not confirmed. The characteristics of squalene including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities suggest that the presence of a squalene film is beneficial. Its loss in human meibum from patients with dry eye could be detrimental and contribute to the symptoms observed in these patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11745-013-3844-9 |
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H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to quantify squalene in meibum and sebum. Squalene has many beneficial properties and its loss on the surface of skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or in the tear film with dry eye could be detrimental. In this study, we confirm the NMR proton resonance assignments of squalene, squalene in human meibum, and in human eyelid lipid using heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Our results confirm the presence of squalene in eyelid lipid. We speculate that the squalene in eyelid lipid could be secreted from sebaceous glands. The NMR resonances between 5.2 and 5.0 ppm, characteristic of the =CH of squalene, were resolved in the spectrum of human meibum and used to estimate that 1 % or less of squalene is present in meibum. However, the resonance assignments of squalene in meibum were not confirmed. The characteristics of squalene including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities suggest that the presence of a squalene film is beneficial. Its loss in human meibum from patients with dry eye could be detrimental and contribute to the symptoms observed in these patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0024-4201</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-9307</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3844-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24081494</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Eyelids - chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Lipidology ; Lipids ; Lipids - analysis ; Lipids - chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods ; Male ; Medical Biochemistry ; Medicinal Chemistry ; Meibum ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Middle Aged ; Neurochemistry ; NMR ; Nutrition ; Original Article ; Resonance ; Sebum ; Spectroscopy ; Squalene ; Squalene - analysis ; Tears ; Ultraviolet radiation</subject><ispartof>Lipids, 2013-12, Vol.48 (12), p.1269-1277</ispartof><rights>AOCS 2013</rights><rights>2013 American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4869-7a27ad76a2e3b1c28107d66721b85036fac464d87a98e23be98d7d7a0a58439e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4869-7a27ad76a2e3b1c28107d66721b85036fac464d87a98e23be98d7d7a0a58439e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11745-013-3844-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11745-013-3844-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27922,27923,41486,42555,45572,45573,51317</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24081494$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Borchman, Douglas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yappert, Marta C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milliner, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Ryan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhola, Rahul</creatorcontrib><title>Confirmation of the Presence of Squalene in Human Eyelid Lipid by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy</title><title>Lipids</title><addtitle>Lipids</addtitle><addtitle>Lipids</addtitle><description>1
H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to quantify squalene in meibum and sebum. Squalene has many beneficial properties and its loss on the surface of skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or in the tear film with dry eye could be detrimental. In this study, we confirm the NMR proton resonance assignments of squalene, squalene in human meibum, and in human eyelid lipid using heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Our results confirm the presence of squalene in eyelid lipid. We speculate that the squalene in eyelid lipid could be secreted from sebaceous glands. The NMR resonances between 5.2 and 5.0 ppm, characteristic of the =CH of squalene, were resolved in the spectrum of human meibum and used to estimate that 1 % or less of squalene is present in meibum. However, the resonance assignments of squalene in meibum were not confirmed. The characteristics of squalene including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities suggest that the presence of a squalene film is beneficial. Its loss in human meibum from patients with dry eye could be detrimental and contribute to the symptoms observed in these patients.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Eyelids - chemistry</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lipidology</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipids - analysis</subject><subject>Lipids - chemistry</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Biochemistry</subject><subject>Medicinal Chemistry</subject><subject>Meibum</subject><subject>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Resonance</subject><subject>Sebum</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Squalene</subject><subject>Squalene - analysis</subject><subject>Tears</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><issn>0024-4201</issn><issn>1558-9307</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU-L1TAUxYMoznP0A7iRgBs31fxrkyzlOc4beODI03VI29sxQ5t0kpah3950OooI4ubmXvidwwkHodeUvKeEyA-JUinKglBecCVEoZ-gHS1LVWhO5FO0I4SJQjBCz9CLlG7zSYUun6MzJojKq9ih-33wnYuDnVzwOHR4-gH4OkIC38B6n-5m24MH7Dw-zIP1-GKB3rX46MY86wUfYIIY_Nz0YCM-OX_TA_46Wz_NA96HGKHf3E8jNFMMqQnj8hI962yf4NXje46-f774tj8Uxy-XV_uPx6IRqtKFtEzaVlaWAa9pwxQlsq0qyWitSsKrzjaiEq2SVitgvAatWtlKS2ypBNfAz9G7zXeM4W6GNJnBpQb63noIczJUlFpLXrIqo2__Qm_DHH1O90BxVnK6UnSjmvyTFKEzY3SDjYuhxKytmK0Vk1sxaytGZ82bR-e5HqD9rfhVQwbkBty7Hpb_O5rj1fUnyqrVmm3KlEX-BuIfof-Z5ycUJaf6</recordid><startdate>201312</startdate><enddate>201312</enddate><creator>Borchman, Douglas</creator><creator>Yappert, Marta C.</creator><creator>Milliner, Sarah E.</creator><creator>Smith, Ryan J.</creator><creator>Bhola, Rahul</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201312</creationdate><title>Confirmation of the Presence of Squalene in Human Eyelid Lipid by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy</title><author>Borchman, Douglas ; Yappert, Marta C. ; Milliner, Sarah E. ; Smith, Ryan J. ; Bhola, Rahul</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4869-7a27ad76a2e3b1c28107d66721b85036fac464d87a98e23be98d7d7a0a58439e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Eyelids - chemistry</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lipidology</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lipids - analysis</topic><topic>Lipids - chemistry</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Biochemistry</topic><topic>Medicinal Chemistry</topic><topic>Meibum</topic><topic>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Resonance</topic><topic>Sebum</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Squalene</topic><topic>Squalene - analysis</topic><topic>Tears</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Borchman, Douglas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yappert, Marta C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milliner, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Ryan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhola, Rahul</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Lipids</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Borchman, Douglas</au><au>Yappert, Marta C.</au><au>Milliner, Sarah E.</au><au>Smith, Ryan J.</au><au>Bhola, Rahul</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Confirmation of the Presence of Squalene in Human Eyelid Lipid by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy</atitle><jtitle>Lipids</jtitle><stitle>Lipids</stitle><addtitle>Lipids</addtitle><date>2013-12</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1269</spage><epage>1277</epage><pages>1269-1277</pages><issn>0024-4201</issn><eissn>1558-9307</eissn><abstract>1
H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to quantify squalene in meibum and sebum. Squalene has many beneficial properties and its loss on the surface of skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or in the tear film with dry eye could be detrimental. In this study, we confirm the NMR proton resonance assignments of squalene, squalene in human meibum, and in human eyelid lipid using heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Our results confirm the presence of squalene in eyelid lipid. We speculate that the squalene in eyelid lipid could be secreted from sebaceous glands. The NMR resonances between 5.2 and 5.0 ppm, characteristic of the =CH of squalene, were resolved in the spectrum of human meibum and used to estimate that 1 % or less of squalene is present in meibum. However, the resonance assignments of squalene in meibum were not confirmed. The characteristics of squalene including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities suggest that the presence of a squalene film is beneficial. Its loss in human meibum from patients with dry eye could be detrimental and contribute to the symptoms observed in these patients.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>24081494</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11745-013-3844-9</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Eyelids - chemistry Female Humans Life Sciences Lipidology Lipids Lipids - analysis Lipids - chemistry Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods Male Medical Biochemistry Medicinal Chemistry Meibum Microbial Genetics and Genomics Middle Aged Neurochemistry NMR Nutrition Original Article Resonance Sebum Spectroscopy Squalene Squalene - analysis Tears Ultraviolet radiation |
| title | Confirmation of the Presence of Squalene in Human Eyelid Lipid by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy |
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