White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling
White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) that form in the 1 mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen diffusion into raceways and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF....
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Tribology international 2013-09, Vol.65, p.146-160 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 160 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | |
| container_start_page | 146 |
| container_title | Tribology international |
| container_volume | 65 |
| creator | Evans, M.-H. Wang, L. Jones, H. Wood, R.J.K. |
| description | White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) that form in the 1 mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen diffusion into raceways and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF. The initiation and propagation mechanisms for WEC formation are not well understood. This study elucidates WEC initiation processes in hydrogen charged 100Cr6 bearing steel by carrying out two-roller RCF testing. The application of serial sectioning enabled mapping and modelling of entire independent WECs and revealed critical information about initiators. The application of FIB tomography verified initiation mechanisms. The results show strong evidence for subsurface initiation of WECs from inclusions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.triboint.2013.03.022 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1448723328</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1448723328</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-e534cd672dc22ee76c635eca55f14147f662c4353ac92125695fc9fc0e0e2e223</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNo1kEtLAzEUhbNQsFb_gmRZwRnzmMnMLKXWBxTcKHUX0js3beo8ajIV-u9NbYUDBy4f5x4OITecpZxxdb9JB--WveuGVDAuUxYlxBkZMcl4oorq84JchrBhjBVZVYyIXazdgBQHWLtuRcEb-KKTxWx6S133g2FwKzO4vqPLPQ3onWmiweES8Ttqe9gFrOkfgaalpqupTB5PQW1fY9NE8oqcW9MEvD75mHw8zd6nL8n87fl1-jBPQJTlkGAuM6hVIWoQArFQoGSOYPLc8oxnhVVKQCZzaaASXOSqyi1UFhgyFCiEHJPJMXfr--9drK9bFyB2MB32u6B5lpWFkFKUEVVHFHwfgkert961xu81Z_owpt7o_zH1YUzNouKPX20JbQE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1448723328</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Evans, M.-H. ; Wang, L. ; Jones, H. ; Wood, R.J.K.</creator><creatorcontrib>Evans, M.-H. ; Wang, L. ; Jones, H. ; Wood, R.J.K.</creatorcontrib><description>White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) that form in the 1 mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen diffusion into raceways and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF. The initiation and propagation mechanisms for WEC formation are not well understood. This study elucidates WEC initiation processes in hydrogen charged 100Cr6 bearing steel by carrying out two-roller RCF testing. The application of serial sectioning enabled mapping and modelling of entire independent WECs and revealed critical information about initiators. The application of FIB tomography verified initiation mechanisms. The results show strong evidence for subsurface initiation of WECs from inclusions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-679X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2013.03.022</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>Bearing steels ; Chromium steels ; Contact ; Cracks ; Etching ; Inclusions ; Modelling ; Serials</subject><ispartof>Tribology international, 2013-09, Vol.65, p.146-160</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-e534cd672dc22ee76c635eca55f14147f662c4353ac92125695fc9fc0e0e2e223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-e534cd672dc22ee76c635eca55f14147f662c4353ac92125695fc9fc0e0e2e223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Evans, M.-H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, R.J.K.</creatorcontrib><title>White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling</title><title>Tribology international</title><description>White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) that form in the 1 mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen diffusion into raceways and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF. The initiation and propagation mechanisms for WEC formation are not well understood. This study elucidates WEC initiation processes in hydrogen charged 100Cr6 bearing steel by carrying out two-roller RCF testing. The application of serial sectioning enabled mapping and modelling of entire independent WECs and revealed critical information about initiators. The application of FIB tomography verified initiation mechanisms. The results show strong evidence for subsurface initiation of WECs from inclusions.</description><subject>Bearing steels</subject><subject>Chromium steels</subject><subject>Contact</subject><subject>Cracks</subject><subject>Etching</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Serials</subject><issn>0301-679X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo1kEtLAzEUhbNQsFb_gmRZwRnzmMnMLKXWBxTcKHUX0js3beo8ajIV-u9NbYUDBy4f5x4OITecpZxxdb9JB--WveuGVDAuUxYlxBkZMcl4oorq84JchrBhjBVZVYyIXazdgBQHWLtuRcEb-KKTxWx6S133g2FwKzO4vqPLPQ3onWmiweES8Ttqe9gFrOkfgaalpqupTB5PQW1fY9NE8oqcW9MEvD75mHw8zd6nL8n87fl1-jBPQJTlkGAuM6hVIWoQArFQoGSOYPLc8oxnhVVKQCZzaaASXOSqyi1UFhgyFCiEHJPJMXfr--9drK9bFyB2MB32u6B5lpWFkFKUEVVHFHwfgkert961xu81Z_owpt7o_zH1YUzNouKPX20JbQE</recordid><startdate>20130901</startdate><enddate>20130901</enddate><creator>Evans, M.-H.</creator><creator>Wang, L.</creator><creator>Jones, H.</creator><creator>Wood, R.J.K.</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130901</creationdate><title>White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling</title><author>Evans, M.-H. ; Wang, L. ; Jones, H. ; Wood, R.J.K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-e534cd672dc22ee76c635eca55f14147f662c4353ac92125695fc9fc0e0e2e223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Bearing steels</topic><topic>Chromium steels</topic><topic>Contact</topic><topic>Cracks</topic><topic>Etching</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Serials</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Evans, M.-H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, R.J.K.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Tribology international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Evans, M.-H.</au><au>Wang, L.</au><au>Jones, H.</au><au>Wood, R.J.K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling</atitle><jtitle>Tribology international</jtitle><date>2013-09-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>65</volume><spage>146</spage><epage>160</epage><pages>146-160</pages><issn>0301-679X</issn><abstract>White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) that form in the 1 mm zone beneath the contact surface. Hydrogen diffusion into raceways and transient operating conditions have been suggested as drivers of WSF. The initiation and propagation mechanisms for WEC formation are not well understood. This study elucidates WEC initiation processes in hydrogen charged 100Cr6 bearing steel by carrying out two-roller RCF testing. The application of serial sectioning enabled mapping and modelling of entire independent WECs and revealed critical information about initiators. The application of FIB tomography verified initiation mechanisms. The results show strong evidence for subsurface initiation of WECs from inclusions.</abstract><doi>10.1016/j.triboint.2013.03.022</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0301-679X |
| ispartof | Tribology international, 2013-09, Vol.65, p.146-160 |
| issn | 0301-679X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1448723328 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Bearing steels Chromium steels Contact Cracks Etching Inclusions Modelling Serials |
| title | White etching crack (WEC) investigation by serial sectioning, focused ion beam and 3-D crack modelling |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-22T22%3A43%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=White%20etching%20crack%20(WEC)%20investigation%20by%20serial%20sectioning,%20focused%20ion%20beam%20and%203-D%20crack%20modelling&rft.jtitle=Tribology%20international&rft.au=Evans,%20M.-H.&rft.date=2013-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.spage=146&rft.epage=160&rft.pages=146-160&rft.issn=0301-679X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.03.022&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1448723328%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1448723328&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |