The Lunar Gravity Ranging System for the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission
The Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) flying on NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission measures fluctuations in the separation between the two GRAIL orbiters with sensitivity below 0.6 microns/Hz 1/2 . GRAIL adapts the mission design and instrumentation from the Gravity Re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Space science reviews 2013-09, Vol.178 (1), p.57-76 |
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| creator | Klipstein, William M. Arnold, Bradford W. Enzer, Daphna G. Ruiz, Alberto A. Tien, Jeffrey Y. Wang, Rabi T. Dunn, Charles E. |
| description | The Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) flying on NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission measures fluctuations in the separation between the two GRAIL orbiters with sensitivity below 0.6 microns/Hz
1/2
. GRAIL adapts the mission design and instrumentation from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to a make a precise gravitational map of Earth’s Moon. Phase measurements of Ka-band carrier signals transmitted between spacecraft with line-of-sight separations between 50 km to 225 km provide the primary observable. Measurements of time offsets between the orbiters, frequency calibrations, and precise orbit determination provided by the Global Positioning System on GRACE are replaced by an S-band time-transfer cross link and Deep Space Network Doppler tracking of an X-band radioscience beacon and the spacecraft telecommunications link. Lack of an atmosphere at the Moon allows use of a single-frequency link and elimination of the accelerometer compared to the GRACE instrumentation. This paper describes the implementation, testing and performance of the instrument complement flown on the two GRAIL orbiters. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11214-013-9973-x |
| format | Article |
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1/2
. GRAIL adapts the mission design and instrumentation from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to a make a precise gravitational map of Earth’s Moon. Phase measurements of Ka-band carrier signals transmitted between spacecraft with line-of-sight separations between 50 km to 225 km provide the primary observable. Measurements of time offsets between the orbiters, frequency calibrations, and precise orbit determination provided by the Global Positioning System on GRACE are replaced by an S-band time-transfer cross link and Deep Space Network Doppler tracking of an X-band radioscience beacon and the spacecraft telecommunications link. Lack of an atmosphere at the Moon allows use of a single-frequency link and elimination of the accelerometer compared to the GRACE instrumentation. This paper describes the implementation, testing and performance of the instrument complement flown on the two GRAIL orbiters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0038-6308</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-9672</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11214-013-9973-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Aerospace Technology and Astronautics ; Astrophysics and Astroparticles ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Gravity ; Instrumentation ; Laboratories ; Moon ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Planetology ; Space exploration ; Space Exploration and Astronautics ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics ; Spacecraft</subject><ispartof>Space science reviews, 2013-09, Vol.178 (1), p.57-76</ispartof><rights>US Government 2013</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-ac09f7a7e379d1bb7d60fb7f6816680327fc2985a32828e0eecc65e1e3949ffb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-ac09f7a7e379d1bb7d60fb7f6816680327fc2985a32828e0eecc65e1e3949ffb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11214-013-9973-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11214-013-9973-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,27933,27934,41497,42566,51328</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Klipstein, William M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, Bradford W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enzer, Daphna G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Alberto A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tien, Jeffrey Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Rabi T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunn, Charles E.</creatorcontrib><title>The Lunar Gravity Ranging System for the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission</title><title>Space science reviews</title><addtitle>Space Sci Rev</addtitle><description>The Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) flying on NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission measures fluctuations in the separation between the two GRAIL orbiters with sensitivity below 0.6 microns/Hz
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. GRAIL adapts the mission design and instrumentation from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to a make a precise gravitational map of Earth’s Moon. Phase measurements of Ka-band carrier signals transmitted between spacecraft with line-of-sight separations between 50 km to 225 km provide the primary observable. Measurements of time offsets between the orbiters, frequency calibrations, and precise orbit determination provided by the Global Positioning System on GRACE are replaced by an S-band time-transfer cross link and Deep Space Network Doppler tracking of an X-band radioscience beacon and the spacecraft telecommunications link. Lack of an atmosphere at the Moon allows use of a single-frequency link and elimination of the accelerometer compared to the GRACE instrumentation. This paper describes the implementation, testing and performance of the instrument complement flown on the two GRAIL orbiters.</description><subject>Aerospace Technology and Astronautics</subject><subject>Astrophysics and Astroparticles</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Gravity</subject><subject>Instrumentation</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Moon</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Planetology</subject><subject>Space exploration</subject><subject>Space Exploration and Astronautics</subject><subject>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</subject><subject>Spacecraft</subject><issn>0038-6308</issn><issn>1572-9672</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEQhoMoWKs_wFvASz2s5mObbI5FtBZWhFrPIbud1C1tUpNt6f57UyoigqeBmed9GR6Erim5o4TI-0gpo3lGKM-Ukjzbn6AeHUqWKSHZKeoRwotMcFKco4sYl4QcUrKHzOwDcLl1JuBxMLum7fDUuEXjFvitiy2ssfUBtwn6OUPtdxA6bNwcT1wLoUlEaSofTOvTfjCejiblLX5pYmy8u0Rn1qwiXH3PPnp_epw9PGfl63jyMCqzmueqzUxNlJVGApdqTqtKzgWxlbSioEIUhDNpa6aKoeGsYAUQgLoWQ6DAVa6srXgfDY69m-A_txBbvW5iDauVceC3UdM851wUguUJvfmDLv02uPRdojhnXA6FShQ9UnXwMQawehOatQmdpkQf9OmjdJ2k64N0vU8ZdszExLoFhF_N_4a-AMWnhDc</recordid><startdate>20130901</startdate><enddate>20130901</enddate><creator>Klipstein, William M.</creator><creator>Arnold, Bradford W.</creator><creator>Enzer, Daphna G.</creator><creator>Ruiz, Alberto A.</creator><creator>Tien, Jeffrey Y.</creator><creator>Wang, Rabi T.</creator><creator>Dunn, Charles E.</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130901</creationdate><title>The Lunar Gravity Ranging System for the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission</title><author>Klipstein, William M. ; 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1/2
. GRAIL adapts the mission design and instrumentation from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to a make a precise gravitational map of Earth’s Moon. Phase measurements of Ka-band carrier signals transmitted between spacecraft with line-of-sight separations between 50 km to 225 km provide the primary observable. Measurements of time offsets between the orbiters, frequency calibrations, and precise orbit determination provided by the Global Positioning System on GRACE are replaced by an S-band time-transfer cross link and Deep Space Network Doppler tracking of an X-band radioscience beacon and the spacecraft telecommunications link. Lack of an atmosphere at the Moon allows use of a single-frequency link and elimination of the accelerometer compared to the GRACE instrumentation. This paper describes the implementation, testing and performance of the instrument complement flown on the two GRAIL orbiters.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11214-013-9973-x</doi><tpages>20</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aerospace Technology and Astronautics Astrophysics and Astroparticles Global positioning systems GPS Gravity Instrumentation Laboratories Moon Physics Physics and Astronomy Planetology Space exploration Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics Spacecraft |
| title | The Lunar Gravity Ranging System for the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
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