Synthesis and characterizations of polybenzoxazines from coal-based products via microwave and conventional heat treatments
About 43% clay containing humic acid (HA) was used as a phenol source for the production of polybenzoxazine composites. The use of humic acid as a phenol source from coal is the first attempt for the production of these materials. For poly(benzoxazine) precursor synthesis, solvent‐less conventional...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied polymer science 2013-05, Vol.128 (3), p.2046-2055 |
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| creator | İnan, Tulay Y. Karaca, Birsen Y. Dogan, H. |
| description | About 43% clay containing humic acid (HA) was used as a phenol source for the production of polybenzoxazine composites. The use of humic acid as a phenol source from coal is the first attempt for the production of these materials. For poly(benzoxazine) precursor synthesis, solvent‐less conventional and more economical and time‐saving microwave heat treatments were applied. Molecular structures of the poly(benzoxazine) precursors were investigated by spectral analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were used for the thermal characterizations. Nearly 300 and 250°C decomposition temperatures and 40 and 30% char yields were obtained at 900°C for HA‐based polybenzoxazines and bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines, respectively. The morphology of the polybenzoxazines was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray analyses. The obtained results show the possibility of manufacturing the new polybenzoxazine composite materials by the method of solvent‐less microwave process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/app.38395 |
| format | Article |
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The use of humic acid as a phenol source from coal is the first attempt for the production of these materials. For poly(benzoxazine) precursor synthesis, solvent‐less conventional and more economical and time‐saving microwave heat treatments were applied. Molecular structures of the poly(benzoxazine) precursors were investigated by spectral analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were used for the thermal characterizations. Nearly 300 and 250°C decomposition temperatures and 40 and 30% char yields were obtained at 900°C for HA‐based polybenzoxazines and bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines, respectively. The morphology of the polybenzoxazines was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray analyses. The obtained results show the possibility of manufacturing the new polybenzoxazine composite materials by the method of solvent‐less microwave process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. 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Appl. Polym. Sci</addtitle><description>About 43% clay containing humic acid (HA) was used as a phenol source for the production of polybenzoxazine composites. The use of humic acid as a phenol source from coal is the first attempt for the production of these materials. For poly(benzoxazine) precursor synthesis, solvent‐less conventional and more economical and time‐saving microwave heat treatments were applied. Molecular structures of the poly(benzoxazine) precursors were investigated by spectral analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were used for the thermal characterizations. Nearly 300 and 250°C decomposition temperatures and 40 and 30% char yields were obtained at 900°C for HA‐based polybenzoxazines and bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines, respectively. The morphology of the polybenzoxazines was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray analyses. The obtained results show the possibility of manufacturing the new polybenzoxazine composite materials by the method of solvent‐less microwave process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>biopolymers and renewable polymers</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>composites</subject><subject>crosslinking</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Humic acids</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>Phenol</subject><subject>Polybenzoxazines</subject><subject>Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Precursors</subject><subject>Properties and testing</subject><subject>renewable resources</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>solid-state polymerization</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Technology of polymers</subject><issn>0021-8995</issn><issn>1097-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kcFu1DAQhiMEEkvpgTewhJDgkNZ24tg-VgW2oFWpCoijNXEmWpckTu3stru8fF1SeqjExZbs7_9mRpNlbxg9YpTyYxjHo0IVWjzLFoxqmZcVV8-zRfpjudJavMxexXhFKWOCVovsz_fdMK0xukhgaIhdQwA7YXB7mJwfIvEtGX23q3HY-1vYuwEjaYPvifXQ5TVEbMgYfLOxUyRbB6R3Nvgb2OIs9MMWh3sVdGSNMJEppLNPb_F19qKFLuLhw32Q_fz86cfpWb76tvxyerLKbZkGyZlgLWrFJK2KSumqxKJusVIUOeOcUlvTAgrFhUTdtLQsheYohWykrnXTNMVB9n72pj6vNxgn07tosetgQL-JhqUyUlFZyoS-fYJe-U1IvSeKK8ErJSVP1IeZSpPGGLA1Y3A9hJ1h1NyvwaQ1mL9rSOy7ByNEC10bYLAuPga4pCJ5deKOZ-7Gdbj7v9CcXFz8M-dzwsUJbx8TEH6bShZSmF_nS_N1Wa4uq48rw4o7Yeym9g</recordid><startdate>20130505</startdate><enddate>20130505</enddate><creator>İnan, Tulay Y.</creator><creator>Karaca, Birsen Y.</creator><creator>Dogan, H.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130505</creationdate><title>Synthesis and characterizations of polybenzoxazines from coal-based products via microwave and conventional heat treatments</title><author>İnan, Tulay Y. ; Karaca, Birsen Y. ; Dogan, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4395-151fe981706368964e3bfe680e212200cb03a38257e9df044592e757d79b9ddd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>biopolymers and renewable polymers</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>composites</topic><topic>crosslinking</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Heat treatment</topic><topic>Humic acids</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Microwaves</topic><topic>Phenol</topic><topic>Polybenzoxazines</topic><topic>Polymer industry, paints, wood</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Precursors</topic><topic>Properties and testing</topic><topic>renewable resources</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>solid-state polymerization</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Technology of polymers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>İnan, Tulay Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karaca, Birsen Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dogan, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>İnan, Tulay Y.</au><au>Karaca, Birsen Y.</au><au>Dogan, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synthesis and characterizations of polybenzoxazines from coal-based products via microwave and conventional heat treatments</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle><addtitle>J. Appl. Polym. Sci</addtitle><date>2013-05-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>128</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>2046</spage><epage>2055</epage><pages>2046-2055</pages><issn>0021-8995</issn><eissn>1097-4628</eissn><coden>JAPNAB</coden><abstract>About 43% clay containing humic acid (HA) was used as a phenol source for the production of polybenzoxazine composites. The use of humic acid as a phenol source from coal is the first attempt for the production of these materials. For poly(benzoxazine) precursor synthesis, solvent‐less conventional and more economical and time‐saving microwave heat treatments were applied. Molecular structures of the poly(benzoxazine) precursors were investigated by spectral analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were used for the thermal characterizations. Nearly 300 and 250°C decomposition temperatures and 40 and 30% char yields were obtained at 900°C for HA‐based polybenzoxazines and bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines, respectively. The morphology of the polybenzoxazines was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray analyses. The obtained results show the possibility of manufacturing the new polybenzoxazine composite materials by the method of solvent‐less microwave process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><doi>10.1002/app.38395</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences biopolymers and renewable polymers Chemical properties composites crosslinking Exact sciences and technology Heat treatment Humic acids Materials science Microwaves Phenol Polybenzoxazines Polymer industry, paints, wood Polymers Precursors Properties and testing renewable resources Scanning electron microscopy solid-state polymerization Synthesis Technology of polymers |
| title | Synthesis and characterizations of polybenzoxazines from coal-based products via microwave and conventional heat treatments |
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