Cold adaptation of fungi obtained from soil and lake sediment in the Skarvsnes ice-free area, Antarctica

Abstract A total of 71 isolates were collected from lake sediment and soil surrounding lakes in the Skarvsnes area, Antarctica. Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embelli...

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Veröffentlicht in:FEMS microbiology letters 2013-09, Vol.346 (2), p.121-130
Hauptverfasser: Tsuji, Masaharu, Fujiu, Seiichi, Xiao, Nan, Hanada, Yuichi, Kudoh, Sakae, Kondo, Hidemasa, Tsuda, Sakae, Hoshino, Tamotsu
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container_start_page 121
container_title FEMS microbiology letters
container_volume 346
creator Tsuji, Masaharu
Fujiu, Seiichi
Xiao, Nan
Hanada, Yuichi
Kudoh, Sakae
Kondo, Hidemasa
Tsuda, Sakae
Hoshino, Tamotsu
description Abstract A total of 71 isolates were collected from lake sediment and soil surrounding lakes in the Skarvsnes area, Antarctica. Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embellisia, Phoma, Geomyces, Tetracladium or Thelebolus) and 48 isolates were categorized as basidiomycetous fungi in five genera (Mrakia, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula or Leucosporidium). Thirty-five percent of culturable fungi were of the genus Mrakia. Eighteen isolates from eight genera were selected and tested for both antifreeze activity and capacity for growth under temperatures ranging from −1 to 25 °C. Rhodotorula sp. NHT-2 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with R. gracialis, while Leucosporidium sp. BSS-1 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with Leu. antarcticum (Glaciozyma antarctica), and these two isolates demonstrated antifreeze activity. All isolates examined were capable of growth at −1 °C. Mrakia spp., while capable of growth at −1 °C, did not demonstrate any antifreeze activity and exhibited only limited secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Species of the genus Mrakia possessed high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that members of this genus have adapted to cold environments by increasing their membrane fluidity.
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Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embellisia, Phoma, Geomyces, Tetracladium or Thelebolus) and 48 isolates were categorized as basidiomycetous fungi in five genera (Mrakia, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula or Leucosporidium). Thirty-five percent of culturable fungi were of the genus Mrakia. Eighteen isolates from eight genera were selected and tested for both antifreeze activity and capacity for growth under temperatures ranging from −1 to 25 °C. Rhodotorula sp. NHT-2 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with R. gracialis, while Leucosporidium sp. BSS-1 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with Leu. antarcticum (Glaciozyma antarctica), and these two isolates demonstrated antifreeze activity. All isolates examined were capable of growth at −1 °C. Mrakia spp., while capable of growth at −1 °C, did not demonstrate any antifreeze activity and exhibited only limited secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Species of the genus Mrakia possessed high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that members of this genus have adapted to cold environments by increasing their membrane fluidity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-1097</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1574-6968</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12217</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23862768</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FMLED7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - genetics ; Antarctic Regions ; Ascomycota - classification ; Ascomycota - genetics ; Ascomycota - isolation &amp; purification ; Ascomycota - physiology ; Basidiomycota ; Basidiomycota - classification ; Basidiomycota - genetics ; Basidiomycota - isolation &amp; purification ; Basidiomycota - physiology ; biodiversity ; Biological and medical sciences ; cold adaptation ; Cold Temperature ; Cold-Shock Response - genetics ; Cold-Shock Response - physiology ; cryophilic fungi ; Cryptococcus ; DNA, Fungal - analysis ; DNA, Fungal - genetics ; Embellisia ; Freshwater ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embellisia, Phoma, Geomyces, Tetracladium or Thelebolus) and 48 isolates were categorized as basidiomycetous fungi in five genera (Mrakia, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula or Leucosporidium). Thirty-five percent of culturable fungi were of the genus Mrakia. Eighteen isolates from eight genera were selected and tested for both antifreeze activity and capacity for growth under temperatures ranging from −1 to 25 °C. Rhodotorula sp. NHT-2 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with R. gracialis, while Leucosporidium sp. BSS-1 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with Leu. antarcticum (Glaciozyma antarctica), and these two isolates demonstrated antifreeze activity. All isolates examined were capable of growth at −1 °C. 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Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embellisia, Phoma, Geomyces, Tetracladium or Thelebolus) and 48 isolates were categorized as basidiomycetous fungi in five genera (Mrakia, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula or Leucosporidium). Thirty-five percent of culturable fungi were of the genus Mrakia. Eighteen isolates from eight genera were selected and tested for both antifreeze activity and capacity for growth under temperatures ranging from −1 to 25 °C. Rhodotorula sp. NHT-2 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with R. gracialis, while Leucosporidium sp. BSS-1 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with Leu. antarcticum (Glaciozyma antarctica), and these two isolates demonstrated antifreeze activity. All isolates examined were capable of growth at −1 °C. Mrakia spp., while capable of growth at −1 °C, did not demonstrate any antifreeze activity and exhibited only limited secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Species of the genus Mrakia possessed high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that members of this genus have adapted to cold environments by increasing their membrane fluidity.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23862768</pmid><doi>10.1111/1574-6968.12217</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adaptation, Physiological - genetics
Antarctic Regions
Ascomycota - classification
Ascomycota - genetics
Ascomycota - isolation & purification
Ascomycota - physiology
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota - classification
Basidiomycota - genetics
Basidiomycota - isolation & purification
Basidiomycota - physiology
biodiversity
Biological and medical sciences
cold adaptation
Cold Temperature
Cold-Shock Response - genetics
Cold-Shock Response - physiology
cryophilic fungi
Cryptococcus
DNA, Fungal - analysis
DNA, Fungal - genetics
Embellisia
Freshwater
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Geologic Sediments - microbiology
Lake sediments
Lakes
Leucosporidium
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Mycology
Phoma
Rhodotorula
Saccharides
Skarvsnes ice‐free area
Soil Microbiology
Thelebolus
title Cold adaptation of fungi obtained from soil and lake sediment in the Skarvsnes ice-free area, Antarctica
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