Dual Routes to Cognitive Flexibility: Learning and Response-Conflict Resolution in the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task
Cognitive control, the ability to align our actions with goals or context, is largely absent in children under four. How then are preschoolers able to tailor their behavior to best match the situation? Learning may provide an alternative route to context-sensitive responding. This study investigated...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Child development 2013-07, Vol.84 (4), p.1308-1323 |
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| creator | Ramscar, Michael Dye, Melody Gustafson, Jessica W. Klein, Joseph |
| description | Cognitive control, the ability to align our actions with goals or context, is largely absent in children under four. How then are preschoolers able to tailor their behavior to best match the situation? Learning may provide an alternative route to context-sensitive responding. This study investigated this hypothesis in the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), a classic test of cognitive control that most under-fours fail. A training intervention based on learning theoretic principles proved highly effective: Three-year-olds who learned about DCCS rules and game contexts in a card-labeling task, subsequently transferred this knowledge to sorting in the DCCS, passing at more than 3 times the rate of controls (N = 47). This surprising finding reveals much about the nature of the developing mind. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/cdev.12044 |
| format | Article |
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How then are preschoolers able to tailor their behavior to best match the situation? Learning may provide an alternative route to context-sensitive responding. This study investigated this hypothesis in the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), a classic test of cognitive control that most under-fours fail. A training intervention based on learning theoretic principles proved highly effective: Three-year-olds who learned about DCCS rules and game contexts in a card-labeling task, subsequently transferred this knowledge to sorting in the DCCS, passing at more than 3 times the rate of controls (N = 47). 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How then are preschoolers able to tailor their behavior to best match the situation? Learning may provide an alternative route to context-sensitive responding. This study investigated this hypothesis in the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), a classic test of cognitive control that most under-fours fail. A training intervention based on learning theoretic principles proved highly effective: Three-year-olds who learned about DCCS rules and game contexts in a card-labeling task, subsequently transferred this knowledge to sorting in the DCCS, passing at more than 3 times the rate of controls (N = 47). This surprising finding reveals much about the nature of the developing mind.</description><subject>Associative learning</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child psychology</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive Ability</subject><subject>Cognitive behavioral therapy</subject><subject>Cognitive development</subject><subject>Cognitive Processes</subject><subject>Cognitive psychology</subject><subject>Color Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Conflict</subject><subject>Conflict resolution</subject><subject>Context Effect</subject><subject>Control Groups</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Discrimination learning</subject><subject>Discrimination Learning - physiology</subject><subject>EMPIRICAL ARTICLES</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Games</subject><subject>Goals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Knowledge</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Learning Theories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology</subject><subject>Pre-school education</subject><subject>Preschool Children</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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| ispartof | Child development, 2013-07, Vol.84 (4), p.1308-1323 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EBSCOhost Education Source |
| subjects | Associative learning Behavior Biological and medical sciences Child Child development Child psychology Child, Preschool Children Cognition Cognition - physiology Cognitive Ability Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive development Cognitive Processes Cognitive psychology Color Perception - physiology Conflict Conflict resolution Context Effect Control Groups Cues Developmental psychology Discrimination learning Discrimination Learning - physiology EMPIRICAL ARTICLES Female Flexibility Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Games Goals Humans Intervention Knowledge Learning Learning Theories Male Neuropsychological Tests Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology Pre-school education Preschool Children Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Simulations Studies Task Analysis Training Transfer of Training |
| title | Dual Routes to Cognitive Flexibility: Learning and Response-Conflict Resolution in the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task |
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