Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: By-products of chlorination
The present study was undertaken to determine if chlorinated and brominated acetonitriles formed during the chlorination of drinking water possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (B...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States) 1985-12, Vol.5 (6), p.1065-1074 |
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| container_title | Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States) |
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| creator | Bull, R.J. Meier, J.R. Robinson, M. Ringhand, H.P. Laurie, R.D. Stober, J.A. |
| description | The present study was undertaken to determine if chlorinated and brominated acetonitriles formed during the chlorination of drinking water possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were tested for their ability (1) to produce point mutations in the
Salmonella/microsome assay, (2) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
in vitro, (3) to produce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in CD-1 mice, and (4) to act as tumor initiators in the skin of Sencar mice. DCAN and BCAN were found to be direct-acting mutagens in
Salmonella. All five haloacetonitriles induced SCE in CHO cells
in vitro. This activity paralleled the extent of chlorine substitution and was further enhanced in the dihaloacetonitrile series when bromine was substituted for chlorine. None of the haloacetonitriles showed evidence of activity in the mouse micronucleus assay. DBAN, BCAN, and CAN initiated tumors in the mouse skin with topical applications followed by a 20-week promotion schedule of 12-
O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate applications (
p < 0.02). These data indicate that the haloacetonitriles do display mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in some test systems and the hazard associated with their occurrence in drinking water and production within the gastrointestinal tract require further evaluation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0272-0590(85)90142-3 |
| format | Article |
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Salmonella/microsome assay, (2) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
in vitro, (3) to produce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in CD-1 mice, and (4) to act as tumor initiators in the skin of Sencar mice. DCAN and BCAN were found to be direct-acting mutagens in
Salmonella. All five haloacetonitriles induced SCE in CHO cells
in vitro. This activity paralleled the extent of chlorine substitution and was further enhanced in the dihaloacetonitrile series when bromine was substituted for chlorine. None of the haloacetonitriles showed evidence of activity in the mouse micronucleus assay. DBAN, BCAN, and CAN initiated tumors in the mouse skin with topical applications followed by a 20-week promotion schedule of 12-
O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate applications (
p < 0.02). These data indicate that the haloacetonitriles do display mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in some test systems and the hazard associated with their occurrence in drinking water and production within the gastrointestinal tract require further evaluation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-0590</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-6832</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(85)90142-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 4092869</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Science (USA)</publisher><subject>560301 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987) ; 560302 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987) ; 560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987) ; ACETONITRILE ; Acetonitriles - administration & dosage ; Acetonitriles - toxicity ; Administration, Topical ; ANIMAL CELLS ; ANIMAL TISSUES ; ANIMALS ; BACTERIA ; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS ; BLOOD ; BLOOD CELLS ; BODY ; BODY FLUIDS ; BONE MARROW ; Bone Marrow - pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced ; CHEMICAL REACTIONS ; CHLORINATION ; Chlorine ; CHO CELLS ; CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS ; Cricetinae ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; ERYTHROCYTES ; Erythrocytes - drug effects ; Erythrocytes - ultrastructure ; Female ; HALOGENATION ; HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ; Male ; MAMMALS ; MATERIALS ; MICE ; MICROORGANISMS ; MUTAGEN SCREENING ; Mutagenicity Tests ; MUTATIONS ; NITRILES ; ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS ; ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS ; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS ; ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ; ORGANS ; Papilloma - chemically induced ; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT ; RODENTS ; SALMONELLA ; Salmonella - drug effects ; Salmonella - genetics ; SCREENING ; Sister Chromatid Exchange - drug effects ; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES ; Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced ; TISSUES ; VERTEBRATES ; Water Pollutants - toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; WATER SUPPLY</subject><ispartof>Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States), 1985-12, Vol.5 (6), p.1065-1074</ispartof><rights>1985</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4092869$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5614300$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bull, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meier, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robinson, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringhand, H.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laurie, R.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stober, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: By-products of chlorination</title><title>Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States)</title><addtitle>Fundam Appl Toxicol</addtitle><description>The present study was undertaken to determine if chlorinated and brominated acetonitriles formed during the chlorination of drinking water possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were tested for their ability (1) to produce point mutations in the
Salmonella/microsome assay, (2) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
in vitro, (3) to produce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in CD-1 mice, and (4) to act as tumor initiators in the skin of Sencar mice. DCAN and BCAN were found to be direct-acting mutagens in
Salmonella. All five haloacetonitriles induced SCE in CHO cells
in vitro. This activity paralleled the extent of chlorine substitution and was further enhanced in the dihaloacetonitrile series when bromine was substituted for chlorine. None of the haloacetonitriles showed evidence of activity in the mouse micronucleus assay. DBAN, BCAN, and CAN initiated tumors in the mouse skin with topical applications followed by a 20-week promotion schedule of 12-
O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate applications (
p < 0.02). These data indicate that the haloacetonitriles do display mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in some test systems and the hazard associated with their occurrence in drinking water and production within the gastrointestinal tract require further evaluation.</description><subject>560301 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)</subject><subject>560302 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)</subject><subject>560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)</subject><subject>ACETONITRILE</subject><subject>Acetonitriles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Acetonitriles - toxicity</subject><subject>Administration, Topical</subject><subject>ANIMAL CELLS</subject><subject>ANIMAL TISSUES</subject><subject>ANIMALS</subject><subject>BACTERIA</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</subject><subject>BLOOD</subject><subject>BLOOD CELLS</subject><subject>BODY</subject><subject>BODY FLUIDS</subject><subject>BONE MARROW</subject><subject>Bone Marrow - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced</subject><subject>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</subject><subject>CHLORINATION</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>CHO CELLS</subject><subject>CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS</subject><subject>Cricetinae</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>ERYTHROCYTES</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HALOGENATION</subject><subject>HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MAMMALS</subject><subject>MATERIALS</subject><subject>MICE</subject><subject>MICROORGANISMS</subject><subject>MUTAGEN SCREENING</subject><subject>Mutagenicity Tests</subject><subject>MUTATIONS</subject><subject>NITRILES</subject><subject>ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANS</subject><subject>Papilloma - chemically induced</subject><subject>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</subject><subject>RODENTS</subject><subject>SALMONELLA</subject><subject>Salmonella - drug effects</subject><subject>Salmonella - genetics</subject><subject>SCREENING</subject><subject>Sister Chromatid Exchange - drug effects</subject><subject>SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES</subject><subject>Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced</subject><subject>TISSUES</subject><subject>VERTEBRATES</subject><subject>Water Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><subject>WATER SUPPLY</subject><issn>0272-0590</issn><issn>1095-6832</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1985</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kV-P1SAQxYnRrNfVb6BJ44PRhypQaMEHE92sf5JNfNFnQoepi2nhCnSTTfzw0u11nwjM73Bm5hDynNG3jLL-HeUDb6nU9LWSbzRlgrfdA3JgVMu2Vx1_SA73yGPyJOfflDImBT0jZ4Jqrnp9IH8vb-y82uJjaOLULGuxvzB4aGxwDdgEPsT94ZjiEVPxmDdwTHHxwRZ0O3k9x_T_Dlhi8CX5GfP75tNtW6VuhXInvCer41PyaLJzxmen85z8_Hz54-Jre_X9y7eLj1ctcslKq0c9qIlB70acxACCOic1ABfAnFB0EIIDHyxMUlo19qzvYHLdwKwVqkq7c_Jy_zfm4k0GXxCuIYaAUIzsmegordCrHard_lkxF7P4DDjPNmBcs6mUVIzrCr44geu4oDPH5Bebbs1pp7X-Ya9jHenGY9ocMQA6nzZDF71h1GwZmi0gswVklDR3GZqu-wcR5Y-V</recordid><startdate>19851201</startdate><enddate>19851201</enddate><creator>Bull, R.J.</creator><creator>Meier, J.R.</creator><creator>Robinson, M.</creator><creator>Ringhand, H.P.</creator><creator>Laurie, R.D.</creator><creator>Stober, J.A.</creator><general>Elsevier Science (USA)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19851201</creationdate><title>Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: By-products of chlorination</title><author>Bull, R.J. ; Meier, J.R. ; Robinson, M. ; Ringhand, H.P. ; Laurie, R.D. ; Stober, J.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e251t-9b978f1c6dbef47c40dd59cc24c1d4807442c27acf55a8b6163cfd371aa489783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1985</creationdate><topic>560301 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)</topic><topic>560302 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)</topic><topic>560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)</topic><topic>ACETONITRILE</topic><topic>Acetonitriles - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Acetonitriles - toxicity</topic><topic>Administration, Topical</topic><topic>ANIMAL CELLS</topic><topic>ANIMAL TISSUES</topic><topic>ANIMALS</topic><topic>BACTERIA</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</topic><topic>BLOOD</topic><topic>BLOOD CELLS</topic><topic>BODY</topic><topic>BODY FLUIDS</topic><topic>BONE MARROW</topic><topic>Bone Marrow - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced</topic><topic>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</topic><topic>CHLORINATION</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>CHO CELLS</topic><topic>CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS</topic><topic>Cricetinae</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>ERYTHROCYTES</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HALOGENATION</topic><topic>HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MAMMALS</topic><topic>MATERIALS</topic><topic>MICE</topic><topic>MICROORGANISMS</topic><topic>MUTAGEN SCREENING</topic><topic>Mutagenicity Tests</topic><topic>MUTATIONS</topic><topic>NITRILES</topic><topic>ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANS</topic><topic>Papilloma - chemically induced</topic><topic>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</topic><topic>RODENTS</topic><topic>SALMONELLA</topic><topic>Salmonella - drug effects</topic><topic>Salmonella - genetics</topic><topic>SCREENING</topic><topic>Sister Chromatid Exchange - drug effects</topic><topic>SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES</topic><topic>Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced</topic><topic>TISSUES</topic><topic>VERTEBRATES</topic><topic>Water Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</topic><topic>WATER SUPPLY</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bull, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meier, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robinson, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringhand, H.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laurie, R.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stober, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bull, R.J.</au><au>Meier, J.R.</au><au>Robinson, M.</au><au>Ringhand, H.P.</au><au>Laurie, R.D.</au><au>Stober, J.A.</au><aucorp>Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: By-products of chlorination</atitle><jtitle>Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States)</jtitle><addtitle>Fundam Appl Toxicol</addtitle><date>1985-12-01</date><risdate>1985</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1065</spage><epage>1074</epage><pages>1065-1074</pages><issn>0272-0590</issn><eissn>1095-6832</eissn><abstract>The present study was undertaken to determine if chlorinated and brominated acetonitriles formed during the chlorination of drinking water possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were tested for their ability (1) to produce point mutations in the
Salmonella/microsome assay, (2) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
in vitro, (3) to produce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in CD-1 mice, and (4) to act as tumor initiators in the skin of Sencar mice. DCAN and BCAN were found to be direct-acting mutagens in
Salmonella. All five haloacetonitriles induced SCE in CHO cells
in vitro. This activity paralleled the extent of chlorine substitution and was further enhanced in the dihaloacetonitrile series when bromine was substituted for chlorine. None of the haloacetonitriles showed evidence of activity in the mouse micronucleus assay. DBAN, BCAN, and CAN initiated tumors in the mouse skin with topical applications followed by a 20-week promotion schedule of 12-
O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate applications (
p < 0.02). These data indicate that the haloacetonitriles do display mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in some test systems and the hazard associated with their occurrence in drinking water and production within the gastrointestinal tract require further evaluation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Science (USA)</pub><pmid>4092869</pmid><doi>10.1016/0272-0590(85)90142-3</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0272-0590 |
| ispartof | Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States), 1985-12, Vol.5 (6), p.1065-1074 |
| issn | 0272-0590 1095-6832 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_14358129 |
| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals Digital Archive Legacy; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 560301 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987) 560302 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987) 560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987) ACETONITRILE Acetonitriles - administration & dosage Acetonitriles - toxicity Administration, Topical ANIMAL CELLS ANIMAL TISSUES ANIMALS BACTERIA BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BLOOD BLOOD CELLS BODY BODY FLUIDS BONE MARROW Bone Marrow - pathology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHLORINATION Chlorine CHO CELLS CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS Cricetinae Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ERYTHROCYTES Erythrocytes - drug effects Erythrocytes - ultrastructure Female HALOGENATION HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM Male MAMMALS MATERIALS MICE MICROORGANISMS MUTAGEN SCREENING Mutagenicity Tests MUTATIONS NITRILES ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ORGANS Papilloma - chemically induced RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT RODENTS SALMONELLA Salmonella - drug effects Salmonella - genetics SCREENING Sister Chromatid Exchange - drug effects SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced TISSUES VERTEBRATES Water Pollutants - toxicity Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity WATER SUPPLY |
| title | Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: By-products of chlorination |
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