Direct Visualization of “Coagulative Nucleation” in Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Direct Visualization of “Coagulative Nucleation” in Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

It is generally believed that surfactant-free emulsion polymerization involves four steps: initiation, nucleation into primary particles, coagulation into secondary particles, and growth. By high resolution SEM-imaging of the intermediate polymerization products, the evolution of the morphology of t...

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Veröffentlicht in:Langmuir 2013-09, Vol.29 (37), p.11724-11729
Hauptverfasser: Dobrowolska, Marta E, van Esch, Jan H, Koper, Ger J. M
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Sprache:eng
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Chemistry
Colloidal state and disperse state
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena
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container_end_page 11729
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container_title Langmuir
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creator Dobrowolska, Marta E
van Esch, Jan H
Koper, Ger J. M
description It is generally believed that surfactant-free emulsion polymerization involves four steps: initiation, nucleation into primary particles, coagulation into secondary particles, and growth. By high resolution SEM-imaging of the intermediate polymerization products, the evolution of the morphology of the polymer particles has been followed. This allowed us, to our best knowledge for the first time, to visualize “coagulative nucleation”, which is the process where the primary nanoparticles aggregate into larger entities. The obtained visual information and data on particle size, number, and zeta potential, strongly suggest that coagulative termination is responsible for the coagulative nucleation phenomenon, resulting in a dispersion of fine, relatively uniform polymer particles.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/la4027927
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subjects Chemistry
Colloidal state and disperse state
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena
title Direct Visualization of “Coagulative Nucleation” in Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization
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