Observations of surface modifications induced by the multiple pulse irradiation using a soft picosecond x-ray laser beam
To study the interactions between picosecond soft x-ray laser (SXRL) beams and material surfaces, gold (Au), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si) surfaces were irradiated with SXRL pulses having a wavelength of 13.9 nm and a duration of ∼7 ps. Following irradiation, the surfaces of the substrates were obse...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Materials science & processing, 2013-01, Vol.110 (1), p.179-188 |
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| creator | Ishino, Masahiko Faenov, Anatoly Y. Tanaka, Momoko Tamotsu, Satoshi Hasegawa, Noboru Nishikino, Masaharu Pikuz, Tatiana A. Kaihori, Takeshi Kawachi, Tetsuya |
| description | To study the interactions between picosecond soft x-ray laser (SXRL) beams and material surfaces, gold (Au), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si) surfaces were irradiated with SXRL pulses having a wavelength of 13.9 nm and a duration of ∼7 ps. Following irradiation, the surfaces of the substrates were observed using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. With single pulse irradiation, ripple-like structures were formed on the Au and Cu surfaces. These structures were different from previously investigated conical structures formed on an Al surface. In addition, it was confirmed that the development of modified structures, i.e., growth of hillocks on the Au and Cu surfaces, was observed after multiple SXRL pulse exposures. However, on the Si surface, deep holes that seemed to be melted structures induced by the accumulation of multiple pulses of irradiations were found. Therefore, it was concluded that SXRL beam irradiation of various material surfaces causes different types of surface modifications, and the changes in the surface behaviors are attributed to the differences in the elemental properties, such as the attenuation length of x-ray photons. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00339-012-7100-6 |
| format | Article |
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Following irradiation, the surfaces of the substrates were observed using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. With single pulse irradiation, ripple-like structures were formed on the Au and Cu surfaces. These structures were different from previously investigated conical structures formed on an Al surface. In addition, it was confirmed that the development of modified structures, i.e., growth of hillocks on the Au and Cu surfaces, was observed after multiple SXRL pulse exposures. However, on the Si surface, deep holes that seemed to be melted structures induced by the accumulation of multiple pulses of irradiations were found. Therefore, it was concluded that SXRL beam irradiation of various material surfaces causes different types of surface modifications, and the changes in the surface behaviors are attributed to the differences in the elemental properties, such as the attenuation length of x-ray photons.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0947-8396</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00339-012-7100-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Atomic structure ; Beams (radiation) ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Copper ; Gold ; Irradiation ; Machines ; Manufacturing ; Nanotechnology ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Processes ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Silicon ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films ; X-ray lasers</subject><ispartof>Applied physics. 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Therefore, it was concluded that SXRL beam irradiation of various material surfaces causes different types of surface modifications, and the changes in the surface behaviors are attributed to the differences in the elemental properties, such as the attenuation length of x-ray photons.</description><subject>Atomic structure</subject><subject>Beams (radiation)</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Condensed Matter Physics</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Machines</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Processes</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Silicon</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>X-ray lasers</subject><issn>0947-8396</issn><issn>1432-0630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtvFDEQhC1EJJaQH5CbL0hcDH6NvT6iCAJSpFzgbPX4kTiaHQ_uGZT99zjsiiN9sdT1VbVchFwL_lFwbj8h50o5xoVkti-YeUV2QivJuFH8Ndlxpy3bK2fekLeIT7yPlnJHnu9HTO03rKXOSGumuLUMIdFDjSWXcBbKHLeQIh2PdH3s4jatZZkSXbYJEy2tQSx_UbphmR8oUKx5pUsJFVOoc6TPrMGRTtCv0THB4R25yNDNV-f3kvz8-uXHzTd2d3_7_ebzHQta2JWNVhgxjDFnJQWP0agcojJW6qyldTCC3evsxF4NAsAZNSY5hKSHwTiXclSX5MMpd2n115Zw9YeCIU0TzKlu6IWWzolBGd5RcUJDq4gtZb-0coB29IL7l5b9qWXfW_YvLXvTPe_P8YABptxgDgX_GaU1Sg3Sdk6eOOzS_JCaf6pbm_vP_xP-BwmvjnU</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Ishino, Masahiko</creator><creator>Faenov, Anatoly Y.</creator><creator>Tanaka, Momoko</creator><creator>Tamotsu, Satoshi</creator><creator>Hasegawa, Noboru</creator><creator>Nishikino, Masaharu</creator><creator>Pikuz, Tatiana A.</creator><creator>Kaihori, Takeshi</creator><creator>Kawachi, Tetsuya</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>Observations of surface modifications induced by the multiple pulse irradiation using a soft picosecond x-ray laser beam</title><author>Ishino, Masahiko ; Faenov, Anatoly Y. ; Tanaka, Momoko ; Tamotsu, Satoshi ; Hasegawa, Noboru ; Nishikino, Masaharu ; Pikuz, Tatiana A. ; Kaihori, Takeshi ; Kawachi, Tetsuya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-b71615bdff3210dd63fcd36724f4279aba784f918351aa963be25ce455699efd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Atomic structure</topic><topic>Beams (radiation)</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Condensed Matter Physics</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Gold</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Machines</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics and Astronomy</topic><topic>Processes</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Silicon</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>X-ray lasers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ishino, Masahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faenov, Anatoly Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Momoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamotsu, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasegawa, Noboru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishikino, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pikuz, Tatiana A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaihori, Takeshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawachi, Tetsuya</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Applied physics. 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| subjects | Atomic structure Beams (radiation) Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Condensed Matter Physics Copper Gold Irradiation Machines Manufacturing Nanotechnology Optical and Electronic Materials Physics Physics and Astronomy Processes Scanning electron microscopy Silicon Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films X-ray lasers |
| title | Observations of surface modifications induced by the multiple pulse irradiation using a soft picosecond x-ray laser beam |
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