Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Descriptive statistics, correlations, and factors of variation
The objectives of the present study were to monitor the microbiological quality and somatic cell count (SCC) of bulk tank milk at the world’s first large-scale camel dairy farm for a 2-yr period, to compare the results of 2 methods for the enumeration of SCC, to evaluate correlation among milk quali...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of dairy science 2013-09, Vol.96 (9), p.5625-5640 |
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| description | The objectives of the present study were to monitor the microbiological quality and somatic cell count (SCC) of bulk tank milk at the world’s first large-scale camel dairy farm for a 2-yr period, to compare the results of 2 methods for the enumeration of SCC, to evaluate correlation among milk quality indicators, and to determine the effect of specific factors (year, season, stage of lactation, and level of production) on milk quality indicators. The study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2010. Total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), California Mastitis Test (CMT) score, and SCC were determined from daily bulk milk samples. Somatic cell count was measured by using a direct microscopic method and with an automatic cell counter. In addition, production parameters [total daily milk production (TDM, kg), number of milking camels (NMC), average milk per camel (AMC, kg)] and stage of lactation (average postpartum days, PPD) were recorded for each test day. A strong correlation (r=0.33) was found between the 2 methods for SCC enumeration; however, values derived using the microscopic method were higher. The geometric means of SCC and TVC were 394×103cells/mL and 5,157cfu/mL during the observation period, respectively. Somatic cell count was >500×103 cells/mL on 14.6% (106/725) and TVC was >10×103cfu/mL on 4.0% (30/742) of the test days. Both milk quality indicators had a distinct seasonal pattern. For log SCC, the mean was lowest in summer and highest in autumn. The seasonal pattern of log TVC was slightly different, with the lowest values being recorded during the spring. The monthly mean TVC pattern showed a clear difference between years. Coliform count was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3168/jds.2013-6990 |
| format | Article |
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The study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2010. Total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), California Mastitis Test (CMT) score, and SCC were determined from daily bulk milk samples. Somatic cell count was measured by using a direct microscopic method and with an automatic cell counter. In addition, production parameters [total daily milk production (TDM, kg), number of milking camels (NMC), average milk per camel (AMC, kg)] and stage of lactation (average postpartum days, PPD) were recorded for each test day. A strong correlation (r=0.33) was found between the 2 methods for SCC enumeration; however, values derived using the microscopic method were higher. The geometric means of SCC and TVC were 394×103cells/mL and 5,157cfu/mL during the observation period, respectively. Somatic cell count was >500×103 cells/mL on 14.6% (106/725) and TVC was >10×103cfu/mL on 4.0% (30/742) of the test days. Both milk quality indicators had a distinct seasonal pattern. For log SCC, the mean was lowest in summer and highest in autumn. The seasonal pattern of log TVC was slightly different, with the lowest values being recorded during the spring. The monthly mean TVC pattern showed a clear difference between years. Coliform count was <10cfu/mL in most of the samples (709/742, 95.6%). A positive correlation was found between log SCC and log TVC (r=0.32), between log SCC and CMT score (r=0.26), and between log TVC and CC in yr 1 (r=0.30). All production parameters and stage of lactation showed strong seasonal variation. Log SCC was negatively correlated with TDM (r=−0.35), AMC (r=−0.37), and NMC (r=−0.15) and positively correlated with PPD (r=0.40). Log TVC had a negative correlation with AMC (r=−0.40) but a positive correlation with NMC (r=0.32), TDM (r=0.16), and PPD (r=0.45). The linear mixed model with stepwise variable selection showed that the main sources of log SCC variation were PPD, TDM, PPD × season, and season. For log TVC, the same factors and year contributed to the variation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3198</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6990</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23849636</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; autumn ; bovine mastitis ; bulk milk ; camel milk ; Camelus - metabolism ; Cell Count - veterinary ; coliform bacteria ; correlation ; dairy farming ; dromedaries ; dromedary camel ; Female ; Food Microbiology ; Food Quality ; lactation stage ; Mastitis - veterinary ; microbiological quality ; milk ; Milk - cytology ; Milk - microbiology ; milk production ; milking ; seasonal variation ; Seasons ; somatic cell count ; spring ; statistical models ; summer</subject><ispartof>Journal of dairy science, 2013-09, Vol.96 (9), p.5625-5640</ispartof><rights>2013 American Dairy Science Association</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-ed31b6ec566068153113d3ec685fbfe4af80abcd4340d320fcd129f75ddfba03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-ed31b6ec566068153113d3ec685fbfe4af80abcd4340d320fcd129f75ddfba03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6990$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23849636$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nagy, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marko, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wernery, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juhasz, J.</creatorcontrib><title>Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Descriptive statistics, correlations, and factors of variation</title><title>Journal of dairy science</title><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><description>The objectives of the present study were to monitor the microbiological quality and somatic cell count (SCC) of bulk tank milk at the world’s first large-scale camel dairy farm for a 2-yr period, to compare the results of 2 methods for the enumeration of SCC, to evaluate correlation among milk quality indicators, and to determine the effect of specific factors (year, season, stage of lactation, and level of production) on milk quality indicators. The study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2010. Total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), California Mastitis Test (CMT) score, and SCC were determined from daily bulk milk samples. Somatic cell count was measured by using a direct microscopic method and with an automatic cell counter. In addition, production parameters [total daily milk production (TDM, kg), number of milking camels (NMC), average milk per camel (AMC, kg)] and stage of lactation (average postpartum days, PPD) were recorded for each test day. A strong correlation (r=0.33) was found between the 2 methods for SCC enumeration; however, values derived using the microscopic method were higher. The geometric means of SCC and TVC were 394×103cells/mL and 5,157cfu/mL during the observation period, respectively. Somatic cell count was >500×103 cells/mL on 14.6% (106/725) and TVC was >10×103cfu/mL on 4.0% (30/742) of the test days. Both milk quality indicators had a distinct seasonal pattern. For log SCC, the mean was lowest in summer and highest in autumn. The seasonal pattern of log TVC was slightly different, with the lowest values being recorded during the spring. The monthly mean TVC pattern showed a clear difference between years. Coliform count was <10cfu/mL in most of the samples (709/742, 95.6%). A positive correlation was found between log SCC and log TVC (r=0.32), between log SCC and CMT score (r=0.26), and between log TVC and CC in yr 1 (r=0.30). All production parameters and stage of lactation showed strong seasonal variation. Log SCC was negatively correlated with TDM (r=−0.35), AMC (r=−0.37), and NMC (r=−0.15) and positively correlated with PPD (r=0.40). Log TVC had a negative correlation with AMC (r=−0.40) but a positive correlation with NMC (r=0.32), TDM (r=0.16), and PPD (r=0.45). The linear mixed model with stepwise variable selection showed that the main sources of log SCC variation were PPD, TDM, PPD × season, and season. For log TVC, the same factors and year contributed to the variation.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>autumn</subject><subject>bovine mastitis</subject><subject>bulk milk</subject><subject>camel milk</subject><subject>Camelus - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Count - veterinary</subject><subject>coliform bacteria</subject><subject>correlation</subject><subject>dairy farming</subject><subject>dromedaries</subject><subject>dromedary camel</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food Microbiology</subject><subject>Food Quality</subject><subject>lactation stage</subject><subject>Mastitis - veterinary</subject><subject>microbiological quality</subject><subject>milk</subject><subject>Milk - cytology</subject><subject>Milk - microbiology</subject><subject>milk production</subject><subject>milking</subject><subject>seasonal variation</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>somatic cell count</subject><subject>spring</subject><subject>statistical models</subject><subject>summer</subject><issn>0022-0302</issn><issn>1525-3198</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhyBV8LBIp_oi9SW9o-ZSKOFDOlmOPKxcn3nqSlfqD-J84bOmNi0ejeeYd-X0JecnZueS6e3fj8VwwLhvd9-wR2XAlVCN53z0mG8aEaJhk4oQ8Q7ypLRdMPSUnQnZtr6XekN_foit5iDnl6-hsoreLTXG-o3byFPNo5-iog5Soy8s00zjRYUm_6BjrkwP1JY_gbbmjzo6QkJ7t1rrgwyQu-OaCfgB0Je7neACKc1XFKoxvq2opkGqfp9qtR4N1cy64ih_q9t_Rc_Ik2ITw4r6ekqtPH692X5rL75-_7t5fNq5l7dyAl3zQ4JTWTHdcSc6ll-B0p8IQoLWhY3ZwvpUt81Kw4DwXfdgq78NgmTwlZ0fZfcm3C-Bsxojr5-0EeUHDW9EJ3UktK9oc0eoeYoFg9iWO1QfDmVmDMTUYswZj1mAq_-peehmqLQ_0vyQq8PoIBJuNvS4Rzc8fdV8xxhnfqlVieySqzXCIUAy6CJMDHwu42fgc_3P8Dx0IqXE</recordid><startdate>20130901</startdate><enddate>20130901</enddate><creator>Nagy, P.</creator><creator>Faye, B.</creator><creator>Marko, O.</creator><creator>Thomas, S.</creator><creator>Wernery, U.</creator><creator>Juhasz, J.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130901</creationdate><title>Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Descriptive statistics, correlations, and factors of variation</title><author>Nagy, P. ; Faye, B. ; Marko, O. ; Thomas, S. ; Wernery, U. ; Juhasz, J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-ed31b6ec566068153113d3ec685fbfe4af80abcd4340d320fcd129f75ddfba03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>autumn</topic><topic>bovine mastitis</topic><topic>bulk milk</topic><topic>camel milk</topic><topic>Camelus - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Count - veterinary</topic><topic>coliform bacteria</topic><topic>correlation</topic><topic>dairy farming</topic><topic>dromedaries</topic><topic>dromedary camel</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food Microbiology</topic><topic>Food Quality</topic><topic>lactation stage</topic><topic>Mastitis - veterinary</topic><topic>microbiological quality</topic><topic>milk</topic><topic>Milk - cytology</topic><topic>Milk - microbiology</topic><topic>milk production</topic><topic>milking</topic><topic>seasonal variation</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>somatic cell count</topic><topic>spring</topic><topic>statistical models</topic><topic>summer</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nagy, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marko, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wernery, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juhasz, J.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nagy, P.</au><au>Faye, B.</au><au>Marko, O.</au><au>Thomas, S.</au><au>Wernery, U.</au><au>Juhasz, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Descriptive statistics, correlations, and factors of variation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><date>2013-09-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>5625</spage><epage>5640</epage><pages>5625-5640</pages><issn>0022-0302</issn><eissn>1525-3198</eissn><abstract>The objectives of the present study were to monitor the microbiological quality and somatic cell count (SCC) of bulk tank milk at the world’s first large-scale camel dairy farm for a 2-yr period, to compare the results of 2 methods for the enumeration of SCC, to evaluate correlation among milk quality indicators, and to determine the effect of specific factors (year, season, stage of lactation, and level of production) on milk quality indicators. The study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2010. Total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), California Mastitis Test (CMT) score, and SCC were determined from daily bulk milk samples. Somatic cell count was measured by using a direct microscopic method and with an automatic cell counter. In addition, production parameters [total daily milk production (TDM, kg), number of milking camels (NMC), average milk per camel (AMC, kg)] and stage of lactation (average postpartum days, PPD) were recorded for each test day. A strong correlation (r=0.33) was found between the 2 methods for SCC enumeration; however, values derived using the microscopic method were higher. The geometric means of SCC and TVC were 394×103cells/mL and 5,157cfu/mL during the observation period, respectively. Somatic cell count was >500×103 cells/mL on 14.6% (106/725) and TVC was >10×103cfu/mL on 4.0% (30/742) of the test days. Both milk quality indicators had a distinct seasonal pattern. For log SCC, the mean was lowest in summer and highest in autumn. The seasonal pattern of log TVC was slightly different, with the lowest values being recorded during the spring. The monthly mean TVC pattern showed a clear difference between years. Coliform count was <10cfu/mL in most of the samples (709/742, 95.6%). A positive correlation was found between log SCC and log TVC (r=0.32), between log SCC and CMT score (r=0.26), and between log TVC and CC in yr 1 (r=0.30). All production parameters and stage of lactation showed strong seasonal variation. Log SCC was negatively correlated with TDM (r=−0.35), AMC (r=−0.37), and NMC (r=−0.15) and positively correlated with PPD (r=0.40). Log TVC had a negative correlation with AMC (r=−0.40) but a positive correlation with NMC (r=0.32), TDM (r=0.16), and PPD (r=0.45). The linear mixed model with stepwise variable selection showed that the main sources of log SCC variation were PPD, TDM, PPD × season, and season. For log TVC, the same factors and year contributed to the variation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>23849636</pmid><doi>10.3168/jds.2013-6990</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals autumn bovine mastitis bulk milk camel milk Camelus - metabolism Cell Count - veterinary coliform bacteria correlation dairy farming dromedaries dromedary camel Female Food Microbiology Food Quality lactation stage Mastitis - veterinary microbiological quality milk Milk - cytology Milk - microbiology milk production milking seasonal variation Seasons somatic cell count spring statistical models summer |
| title | Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Descriptive statistics, correlations, and factors of variation |
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