Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas
Florfenicol, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with wide tissue distribution commonly used to treat camelids. To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing. Serum concen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Research in veterinary science 2013-10, Vol.95 (2), p.594-599 |
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| creator | Pentecost, Rebecca L. Niehaus, Andrew J. Werle, Nick A. Lakritz, Jeffrey |
| description | Florfenicol, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with wide tissue distribution commonly used to treat camelids. To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing. Serum concentrations were determined using a HPLC-UV assay and pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, systemic clearance and Vdss in llamas were 4.6mL/min/kg and 737mL/kg, respectively. Mean residence time after i.v. dosing was 3h. After i.m. injection, florfenicol was rapidly absorbed, with Cmax concentrations being 3.2μg/mL at 0.5h, mean residence time was 15h, mean absorption time was 12h and absolute bioavailability of florfenicol after i.m. injection was 63%. The prolonged absorption of florfenicol after i.m. administration suggests the apparent HL_λz reflects the absorption process rather than elimination of the drug. Florfenicol administration was not associated with adverse reactions after dosing by either route. Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0μg/mL for 12h after i.m. administration. For susceptible pathogens, once daily dosing of 20mg/kg body weight appears appropriate. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.009 |
| format | Article |
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To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing. Serum concentrations were determined using a HPLC-UV assay and pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, systemic clearance and Vdss in llamas were 4.6mL/min/kg and 737mL/kg, respectively. Mean residence time after i.v. dosing was 3h. After i.m. injection, florfenicol was rapidly absorbed, with Cmax concentrations being 3.2μg/mL at 0.5h, mean residence time was 15h, mean absorption time was 12h and absolute bioavailability of florfenicol after i.m. injection was 63%. The prolonged absorption of florfenicol after i.m. administration suggests the apparent HL_λz reflects the absorption process rather than elimination of the drug. Florfenicol administration was not associated with adverse reactions after dosing by either route. Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0μg/mL for 12h after i.m. administration. For susceptible pathogens, once daily dosing of 20mg/kg body weight appears appropriate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-5288</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2661</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23769151</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier India Pvt Ltd</publisher><subject>adverse effects ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Bioavailability ; blood serum ; body weight ; Camelidae ; Camelids, New World - blood ; Colleges & universities ; Disposition ; Drug dosages ; drug excretion ; Female ; Florfenicol ; Half-Life ; high performance liquid chromatography ; Hospitals ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Intravenous ; intramuscular injection ; intravenous injection ; Llama ; llamas ; Male ; pathogens ; Pharmacokinetic analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Sheep ; Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage ; Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives ; Thiamphenicol - blood ; Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics ; tissue distribution ; Veterinary medicine</subject><ispartof>Research in veterinary science, 2013-10, Vol.95 (2), p.594-599</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Oct 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d965d9217777dd1c085cddf5985d0e9a5ae6db1d6cc667bc5641cf452e5de4873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d965d9217777dd1c085cddf5985d0e9a5ae6db1d6cc667bc5641cf452e5de4873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.009$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23769151$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werle, Nick A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><title>Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas</title><title>Research in veterinary science</title><addtitle>Res Vet Sci</addtitle><description>Florfenicol, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with wide tissue distribution commonly used to treat camelids. To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing. Serum concentrations were determined using a HPLC-UV assay and pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, systemic clearance and Vdss in llamas were 4.6mL/min/kg and 737mL/kg, respectively. Mean residence time after i.v. dosing was 3h. After i.m. injection, florfenicol was rapidly absorbed, with Cmax concentrations being 3.2μg/mL at 0.5h, mean residence time was 15h, mean absorption time was 12h and absolute bioavailability of florfenicol after i.m. injection was 63%. The prolonged absorption of florfenicol after i.m. administration suggests the apparent HL_λz reflects the absorption process rather than elimination of the drug. Florfenicol administration was not associated with adverse reactions after dosing by either route. Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0μg/mL for 12h after i.m. administration. For susceptible pathogens, once daily dosing of 20mg/kg body weight appears appropriate.</description><subject>adverse effects</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>body weight</subject><subject>Camelidae</subject><subject>Camelids, New World - blood</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Disposition</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>drug excretion</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Florfenicol</subject><subject>Half-Life</subject><subject>high performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular</subject><subject>Injections, Intravenous</subject><subject>intramuscular injection</subject><subject>intravenous injection</subject><subject>Llama</subject><subject>llamas</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>pathogens</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetic analysis</subject><subject>pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - blood</subject><subject>Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>tissue distribution</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>0034-5288</issn><issn>1532-2661</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1rHSEUhqW0NDdp_0AX7UA32cxEHXVmoJsS-gWBBJqsxXs8pt7OaKozF_rv4zBpF13UjSjPeXl9JOQNow2jTF0cmnTM0HDK2obKhtLhGdkx2fKaK8Wekx2lragl7_sTcprzgVIqGOtekhPedmpgku3I7c0PkyYD8acPOHvIVXSVG2NyGDzEsTJuxlT5MCdzxBCXXJlgt_O0ZFhGkyobsw_35bIaRzOZ_Iq8cGbM-PppPyN3nz_dXn6tr66_fLv8eFWD6MRc20FJO3DWlWUtA9pLsNbJoZeW4mCkQWX3zCoApbo9SCUYOCE5Soui79ozcr7lPqT4a8E868lnwFIiYGmqmShuVC87XtD3_6CHuKRQ2hWK9UoMrVwD-UZBijkndPoh-cmk35pRvTrXB70616tzTaUuzsvQ26foZT-h_TvyR3IB3m2AM1Gb--SzvvteEmT5kPX5a7sPG4HF1tFj0hk8BkDrE8KsbfT_a_AIfg6cjw</recordid><startdate>20131001</startdate><enddate>20131001</enddate><creator>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creator><creator>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creator><creator>Werle, Nick A.</creator><creator>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creator><general>Elsevier India Pvt Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131001</creationdate><title>Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas</title><author>Pentecost, Rebecca L. ; Niehaus, Andrew J. ; Werle, Nick A. ; Lakritz, Jeffrey</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d965d9217777dd1c085cddf5985d0e9a5ae6db1d6cc667bc5641cf452e5de4873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>adverse effects</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>body weight</topic><topic>Camelidae</topic><topic>Camelids, New World - blood</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Disposition</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>drug excretion</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Florfenicol</topic><topic>Half-Life</topic><topic>high performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular</topic><topic>Injections, Intravenous</topic><topic>intramuscular injection</topic><topic>intravenous injection</topic><topic>Llama</topic><topic>llamas</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>pathogens</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetic analysis</topic><topic>pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - blood</topic><topic>Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>tissue distribution</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehaus, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werle, Nick A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakritz, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Research in veterinary science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pentecost, Rebecca L.</au><au>Niehaus, Andrew J.</au><au>Werle, Nick A.</au><au>Lakritz, Jeffrey</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas</atitle><jtitle>Research in veterinary science</jtitle><addtitle>Res Vet Sci</addtitle><date>2013-10-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>594</spage><epage>599</epage><pages>594-599</pages><issn>0034-5288</issn><eissn>1532-2661</eissn><abstract>Florfenicol, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with wide tissue distribution commonly used to treat camelids. To address the lack of drug disposition data for florfenicol in llamas, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics after 20mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing. Serum concentrations were determined using a HPLC-UV assay and pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, systemic clearance and Vdss in llamas were 4.6mL/min/kg and 737mL/kg, respectively. Mean residence time after i.v. dosing was 3h. After i.m. injection, florfenicol was rapidly absorbed, with Cmax concentrations being 3.2μg/mL at 0.5h, mean residence time was 15h, mean absorption time was 12h and absolute bioavailability of florfenicol after i.m. injection was 63%. The prolonged absorption of florfenicol after i.m. administration suggests the apparent HL_λz reflects the absorption process rather than elimination of the drug. Florfenicol administration was not associated with adverse reactions after dosing by either route. Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0μg/mL for 12h after i.m. administration. For susceptible pathogens, once daily dosing of 20mg/kg body weight appears appropriate.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier India Pvt Ltd</pub><pmid>23769151</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.009</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adverse effects Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics Area Under Curve Bioavailability blood serum body weight Camelidae Camelids, New World - blood Colleges & universities Disposition Drug dosages drug excretion Female Florfenicol Half-Life high performance liquid chromatography Hospitals Injections, Intramuscular Injections, Intravenous intramuscular injection intravenous injection Llama llamas Male pathogens Pharmacokinetic analysis pharmacokinetics Sheep Thiamphenicol - administration & dosage Thiamphenicol - analogs & derivatives Thiamphenicol - blood Thiamphenicol - pharmacokinetics tissue distribution Veterinary medicine |
| title | Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas |
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