A Climatological Study of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Complex-Terrain Station
Two years of Doppler sodar measurements are used to study the time–height structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), its seasonal variation, and the characteristics of different types of NBL. A total of 220 clear-sky nights during which the inversion layer is clearly visible on a sodar echogra...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied meteorology and climatology 2012-04, Vol.51 (4), p.813-825 |
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| container_title | Journal of applied meteorology and climatology |
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| creator | Kumar, M. Shravan Anandan, V. K. Rao, T. Narayana Reddy, P. Narasimha |
| description | Two years of Doppler sodar measurements are used to study the time–height structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), its seasonal variation, and the characteristics of different types of NBL. A total of 220 clear-sky nights during which the inversion layer is clearly visible on a sodar echogram are examined. The NBL depth estimated with sodar data using a wind maxima criterion matches reasonably well with radiosonde-based NBL depth estimates. The NBL exhibits clear seasonal variation with greater depths during the monsoon season. Shallow NBLs are generally observed in winter. The evolution of NBL height shows two distinctly different patterns (called type 1 and type 2), particularly in the second half of the night. Type 1 NBL depth is nearly constant and the wind speed in this type is generally weak and steady throughout the night, while type 2 is characterized by moderate to strong winds with considerable variations in NBL height. The local circulation generated by the complex topography is clearly seen in type 1 throughout the night, whereas it is seen only in the first half of the night in type 2. Type 1 NBLs seem to be more prevalent over Gadanki, India, with nearly 61% of total nights showing type 1 characteristics. Furthermore, type 1 NBL shows large seasonal variability with the majority of type 1 cases in winter. The type 2 cases are mostly observed in monsoon (∼60%) followed by summer (39%). The surface meteorological parameters during type 1 and type 2 cases are examined. Differences between type 1 and type 2 NBL patterns are discussed in relation to the surface forcing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-047.1 |
| format | Article |
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Shravan ; Anandan, V. K. ; Rao, T. Narayana ; Reddy, P. Narasimha</creator><creatorcontrib>Kumar, M. Shravan ; Anandan, V. K. ; Rao, T. Narayana ; Reddy, P. Narasimha</creatorcontrib><description>Two years of Doppler sodar measurements are used to study the time–height structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), its seasonal variation, and the characteristics of different types of NBL. A total of 220 clear-sky nights during which the inversion layer is clearly visible on a sodar echogram are examined. The NBL depth estimated with sodar data using a wind maxima criterion matches reasonably well with radiosonde-based NBL depth estimates. The NBL exhibits clear seasonal variation with greater depths during the monsoon season. Shallow NBLs are generally observed in winter. The evolution of NBL height shows two distinctly different patterns (called type 1 and type 2), particularly in the second half of the night. Type 1 NBL depth is nearly constant and the wind speed in this type is generally weak and steady throughout the night, while type 2 is characterized by moderate to strong winds with considerable variations in NBL height. The local circulation generated by the complex topography is clearly seen in type 1 throughout the night, whereas it is seen only in the first half of the night in type 2. Type 1 NBLs seem to be more prevalent over Gadanki, India, with nearly 61% of total nights showing type 1 characteristics. Furthermore, type 1 NBL shows large seasonal variability with the majority of type 1 cases in winter. The type 2 cases are mostly observed in monsoon (∼60%) followed by summer (39%). The surface meteorological parameters during type 1 and type 2 cases are examined. Differences between type 1 and type 2 NBL patterns are discussed in relation to the surface forcing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1558-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-8432</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-047.1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOAMEZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer ; Boundary layer ; Boundary layers ; Clear sky ; Climatology ; Convection, turbulence, diffusion. Boundary layer structure and dynamics ; Cooling ; Depth ; Doppler sodar ; Doppler sonar ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Experiments ; External geophysics ; Height ; Light ; Maxima ; Meteorological parameters ; Meteorology ; Meteors ; Monsoons ; Night ; Nocturnal boundary layer ; Radiosondes ; Rainy seasons ; Remote sensing ; Seasonal variability ; Seasonal variation ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Sodar ; Strong winds ; Temperature gradients ; Topography ; Turbulence ; Wind ; Wind shear ; Wind speed ; Wind velocity ; Winds ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology, 2012-04, Vol.51 (4), p.813-825</ispartof><rights>2012 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Apr 2012</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-3b6385adceca8694d1d35177c19e488abb3f8540bcdcec570a456a2a5a0f32083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-3b6385adceca8694d1d35177c19e488abb3f8540bcdcec570a456a2a5a0f32083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26175137$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26175137$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,804,3682,27928,27929,58021,58254</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25756346$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kumar, M. Shravan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anandan, V. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rao, T. Narayana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, P. Narasimha</creatorcontrib><title>A Climatological Study of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Complex-Terrain Station</title><title>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</title><description>Two years of Doppler sodar measurements are used to study the time–height structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), its seasonal variation, and the characteristics of different types of NBL. A total of 220 clear-sky nights during which the inversion layer is clearly visible on a sodar echogram are examined. The NBL depth estimated with sodar data using a wind maxima criterion matches reasonably well with radiosonde-based NBL depth estimates. The NBL exhibits clear seasonal variation with greater depths during the monsoon season. Shallow NBLs are generally observed in winter. The evolution of NBL height shows two distinctly different patterns (called type 1 and type 2), particularly in the second half of the night. Type 1 NBL depth is nearly constant and the wind speed in this type is generally weak and steady throughout the night, while type 2 is characterized by moderate to strong winds with considerable variations in NBL height. The local circulation generated by the complex topography is clearly seen in type 1 throughout the night, whereas it is seen only in the first half of the night in type 2. Type 1 NBLs seem to be more prevalent over Gadanki, India, with nearly 61% of total nights showing type 1 characteristics. Furthermore, type 1 NBL shows large seasonal variability with the majority of type 1 cases in winter. The type 2 cases are mostly observed in monsoon (∼60%) followed by summer (39%). The surface meteorological parameters during type 1 and type 2 cases are examined. Differences between type 1 and type 2 NBL patterns are discussed in relation to the surface forcing.</description><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer</subject><subject>Boundary layer</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Clear sky</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Convection, turbulence, diffusion. 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Shravan</au><au>Anandan, V. K.</au><au>Rao, T. Narayana</au><au>Reddy, P. Narasimha</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Climatological Study of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Complex-Terrain Station</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</jtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>813</spage><epage>825</epage><pages>813-825</pages><issn>1558-8424</issn><eissn>1558-8432</eissn><coden>JOAMEZ</coden><abstract>Two years of Doppler sodar measurements are used to study the time–height structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), its seasonal variation, and the characteristics of different types of NBL. A total of 220 clear-sky nights during which the inversion layer is clearly visible on a sodar echogram are examined. The NBL depth estimated with sodar data using a wind maxima criterion matches reasonably well with radiosonde-based NBL depth estimates. The NBL exhibits clear seasonal variation with greater depths during the monsoon season. Shallow NBLs are generally observed in winter. The evolution of NBL height shows two distinctly different patterns (called type 1 and type 2), particularly in the second half of the night. Type 1 NBL depth is nearly constant and the wind speed in this type is generally weak and steady throughout the night, while type 2 is characterized by moderate to strong winds with considerable variations in NBL height. The local circulation generated by the complex topography is clearly seen in type 1 throughout the night, whereas it is seen only in the first half of the night in type 2. Type 1 NBLs seem to be more prevalent over Gadanki, India, with nearly 61% of total nights showing type 1 characteristics. Furthermore, type 1 NBL shows large seasonal variability with the majority of type 1 cases in winter. The type 2 cases are mostly observed in monsoon (∼60%) followed by summer (39%). The surface meteorological parameters during type 1 and type 2 cases are examined. Differences between type 1 and type 2 NBL patterns are discussed in relation to the surface forcing.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/JAMC-D-11-047.1</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | American Meteorological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; JSTOR |
| subjects | Atmospheric boundary layer Boundary layer Boundary layers Clear sky Climatology Convection, turbulence, diffusion. Boundary layer structure and dynamics Cooling Depth Doppler sodar Doppler sonar Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Experiments External geophysics Height Light Maxima Meteorological parameters Meteorology Meteors Monsoons Night Nocturnal boundary layer Radiosondes Rainy seasons Remote sensing Seasonal variability Seasonal variation Seasonal variations Seasons Sodar Strong winds Temperature gradients Topography Turbulence Wind Wind shear Wind speed Wind velocity Winds Winter |
| title | A Climatological Study of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Complex-Terrain Station |
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