Advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow limitation in the presence of identifiable risk factors. Inflammation is the central pathological feature in the pathogenesis of COPD. In addition to its pulmonary effects, COPD is associated with significant extrap...

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Veröffentlicht in:Internal medicine journal 2013-08, Vol.43 (8), p.854-862
Hauptverfasser: McDonald, C. F., Khor, Y.
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container_title Internal medicine journal
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creator McDonald, C. F.
Khor, Y.
description Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow limitation in the presence of identifiable risk factors. Inflammation is the central pathological feature in the pathogenesis of COPD. In addition to its pulmonary effects, COPD is associated with significant extrapulmonary manifestations, including ischaemic heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke and diabetes. Anxiety and depression are also common. Spirometry remains the gold standard diagnostic tool. Pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic therapy can improve symptoms, quality of life and exercise capacity and, through their effects on reducing exacerbations, have the potential to modify disease progression. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy, with guidelines recommending a stepwise escalating approach. Smoking cessation is paramount in managing COPD, with promotion of physical activity and pulmonary rehabilitation being other key factors in management. Comorbidities should be actively sought and managed in their own right. Given the chronicity and progressive nature of COPD, ongoing monitoring and support with timely discussion of advanced‐care planning and end‐of‐life issues are recommended.
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source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Animals
Bronchodilator Agents - administration & dosage
chronic
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD
Humans
lung disease
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - methods
Palliative Care - methods
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - diagnosis
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - prevention & control
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - therapy
Risk Factors
Smoking Cessation - methods
Spirometry - methods
update
title Advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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