Industrial lead poisoning in China over the past 33 years
This paper is a review of the 48 articles in scientific journals and special reports of investigations emanating from the author's department involving 2504 subjects. During the past 33 years, as a result of the establishment of health and antiepidemic stations throughout the country, the enact...
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| description | This paper is a review of the 48 articles in scientific journals and special reports of investigations emanating from the author's department involving 2504 subjects. During the past 33 years, as a result of the establishment of health and antiepidemic stations throughout the country, the enactment of hygienic standards, and the setting up of the reporting system for industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, the air lead level has been reduced from 10 mg/m
3 in the years soon after liberation (1949) to below 0.03 mg/m
3 at present. Severe plumbism has disappeared. Some mild cases, however, could still be found among workers in lead smelters and electric battery plants. Great advances have been made in techniques for early diagnosis of lead poisoning. Blood lead, urine lead, aminolevulinic dehydrase, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) have been used as criteria for lead exposure. For the purpose of preventive monitoring, ZnPP as a screening index is the first choice. Behavioral function and sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity measurements of median nerve might also be used for the investigation of lead exposure. The maximum allowable concentration of 0.03 mg/m
3 for air lead level in the workshop, in agreement with the results of a nationwide lead industry investigation, has been proven safe. There is also the need to monitor the air lead level and blood lead level in the general population and children living adjacent to a lead industry. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0147-6513(84)90012-5 |
| format | Article |
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3 in the years soon after liberation (1949) to below 0.03 mg/m
3 at present. Severe plumbism has disappeared. Some mild cases, however, could still be found among workers in lead smelters and electric battery plants. Great advances have been made in techniques for early diagnosis of lead poisoning. Blood lead, urine lead, aminolevulinic dehydrase, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) have been used as criteria for lead exposure. For the purpose of preventive monitoring, ZnPP as a screening index is the first choice. Behavioral function and sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity measurements of median nerve might also be used for the investigation of lead exposure. The maximum allowable concentration of 0.03 mg/m
3 for air lead level in the workshop, in agreement with the results of a nationwide lead industry investigation, has been proven safe. There is also the need to monitor the air lead level and blood lead level in the general population and children living adjacent to a lead industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0147-6513</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(84)90012-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 6391901</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EESADV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Diego, CA: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>500200 - Environment, Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989) ; 560306 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Man- (-1987) ; Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity ; AIR POLLUTION ; Aminolevulinic Acid - blood ; Aminolevulinic Acid - urine ; ASIA ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS ; BIOLOGICAL WASTES ; BLOOD ; BODY FLUIDS ; CARBON-OXYGEN LYASES ; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Child ; CHINA ; DOCUMENT TYPES ; ELECTRIC BATTERIES ; ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS ; ELEMENTS ; Environmental Pollution - analysis ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; ENZYMES ; Female ; Hair - analysis ; HAZARDS ; HEALTH HAZARDS ; HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ; Humans ; HYDRO-LYASES ; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION ; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS ; LEAD ; Lead - blood ; Lead - urine ; Lead Poisoning - diagnosis ; Lead Poisoning - epidemiology ; LYASES ; Male ; MATERIALS ; Medical sciences ; METALS ; Metals and various inorganic compounds ; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES ; Occupational Diseases - chemically induced ; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ; ORGANIC ACIDS ; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ; PERSONNEL ; PIGMENTS ; POLLUTION ; Porphobilinogen Synthase - blood ; PORPHYRINS ; PROTOPORPHYRINS ; Protoporphyrins - blood ; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT ; REVIEWS ; SMELTERS ; Toxicology ; URINE ; WASTES ; ZINC</subject><ispartof>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States), 1984-12, Vol.8 (6), p.526-530</ispartof><rights>1984</rights><rights>1985 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-ff94804db2c78f66328d5ea915d0d7ded01e2b068a5a8f37e87daa01dd0f36ad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-ff94804db2c78f66328d5ea915d0d7ded01e2b068a5a8f37e87daa01dd0f36ad3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0147651384900125$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,881,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=9222752$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6391901$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5974466$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yi-lan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanghai First Medical Coll., People's Republic of China</creatorcontrib><title>Industrial lead poisoning in China over the past 33 years</title><title>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States)</title><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><description>This paper is a review of the 48 articles in scientific journals and special reports of investigations emanating from the author's department involving 2504 subjects. During the past 33 years, as a result of the establishment of health and antiepidemic stations throughout the country, the enactment of hygienic standards, and the setting up of the reporting system for industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, the air lead level has been reduced from 10 mg/m
3 in the years soon after liberation (1949) to below 0.03 mg/m
3 at present. Severe plumbism has disappeared. Some mild cases, however, could still be found among workers in lead smelters and electric battery plants. Great advances have been made in techniques for early diagnosis of lead poisoning. Blood lead, urine lead, aminolevulinic dehydrase, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) have been used as criteria for lead exposure. For the purpose of preventive monitoring, ZnPP as a screening index is the first choice. Behavioral function and sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity measurements of median nerve might also be used for the investigation of lead exposure. The maximum allowable concentration of 0.03 mg/m
3 for air lead level in the workshop, in agreement with the results of a nationwide lead industry investigation, has been proven safe. There is also the need to monitor the air lead level and blood lead level in the general population and children living adjacent to a lead industry.</description><subject>500200 - Environment, Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)</subject><subject>560306 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Man- (-1987)</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity</subject><subject>AIR POLLUTION</subject><subject>Aminolevulinic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Aminolevulinic Acid - urine</subject><subject>ASIA</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL WASTES</subject><subject>BLOOD</subject><subject>BODY FLUIDS</subject><subject>CARBON-OXYGEN LYASES</subject><subject>CARBOXYLIC ACIDS</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>CHINA</subject><subject>DOCUMENT TYPES</subject><subject>ELECTRIC BATTERIES</subject><subject>ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS</subject><subject>ELEMENTS</subject><subject>Environmental Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>ENZYMES</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hair - analysis</subject><subject>HAZARDS</subject><subject>HEALTH HAZARDS</subject><subject>HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS</subject><subject>HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>HYDRO-LYASES</subject><subject>INDOOR AIR POLLUTION</subject><subject>INDUSTRIAL PLANTS</subject><subject>LEAD</subject><subject>Lead - blood</subject><subject>Lead - urine</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning - diagnosis</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning - epidemiology</subject><subject>LYASES</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MATERIALS</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>METALS</subject><subject>Metals and various inorganic compounds</subject><subject>OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE</subject><subject>ORGANIC ACIDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>PERSONNEL</subject><subject>PIGMENTS</subject><subject>POLLUTION</subject><subject>Porphobilinogen Synthase - blood</subject><subject>PORPHYRINS</subject><subject>PROTOPORPHYRINS</subject><subject>Protoporphyrins - blood</subject><subject>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</subject><subject>REVIEWS</subject><subject>SMELTERS</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>URINE</subject><subject>WASTES</subject><subject>ZINC</subject><issn>0147-6513</issn><issn>1090-2414</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1984</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1rGzEQhkVoSRy3_yABEUppD5uOvnalS6CYtA0EemnPQpZma5W15EjrQP59dmvjY09zmOd9mXkIuWJwy4C1X4DJrmkVE5-0_GwAGG_UGVkwMNBwyeQbsjghF-Sy1r8AIECpc3LeCsMMsAUxDyns61iiG-iALtBdjjWnmP7QmOhqE5Oj-RkLHTdId66OVAj6gq7Ud-Rt74aK749zSX5_u_-1-tE8_vz-sPr62Hgp5dj0vZEaZFhz3-m-bQXXQaEzTAUIXcAADPkaWu2U073oUHfBOWAhQC9aF8SS3Bx6cx2jrT6O6Dc-p4R-tMp0Uk6lS_LxAO1KftpjHe02Vo_D4BLmfbVMMi07ziZQHkBfcq0Fe7srcevKi2VgZ612dmZnZ1ZL-0-rVVPs-ti_X28xnEJHj9P-w3HvqndDX1zysZ4wwznvFJ-wuwOGk7DniGX-B5PHEMv8Tsjx_3e8AilckWc</recordid><startdate>198412</startdate><enddate>198412</enddate><creator>Wang, Yi-lan</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>198412</creationdate><title>Industrial lead poisoning in China over the past 33 years</title><author>Wang, Yi-lan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-ff94804db2c78f66328d5ea915d0d7ded01e2b068a5a8f37e87daa01dd0f36ad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1984</creationdate><topic>500200 - Environment, Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)</topic><topic>560306 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Man- (-1987)</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity</topic><topic>AIR POLLUTION</topic><topic>Aminolevulinic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Aminolevulinic Acid - urine</topic><topic>ASIA</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL WASTES</topic><topic>BLOOD</topic><topic>BODY FLUIDS</topic><topic>CARBON-OXYGEN LYASES</topic><topic>CARBOXYLIC ACIDS</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>CHINA</topic><topic>DOCUMENT TYPES</topic><topic>ELECTRIC BATTERIES</topic><topic>ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS</topic><topic>ELEMENTS</topic><topic>Environmental Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>ENZYMES</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hair - analysis</topic><topic>HAZARDS</topic><topic>HEALTH HAZARDS</topic><topic>HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS</topic><topic>HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>HYDRO-LYASES</topic><topic>INDOOR AIR POLLUTION</topic><topic>INDUSTRIAL PLANTS</topic><topic>LEAD</topic><topic>Lead - blood</topic><topic>Lead - urine</topic><topic>Lead Poisoning - diagnosis</topic><topic>Lead Poisoning - epidemiology</topic><topic>LYASES</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MATERIALS</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>METALS</topic><topic>Metals and various inorganic compounds</topic><topic>OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE</topic><topic>ORGANIC ACIDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>PERSONNEL</topic><topic>PIGMENTS</topic><topic>POLLUTION</topic><topic>Porphobilinogen Synthase - blood</topic><topic>PORPHYRINS</topic><topic>PROTOPORPHYRINS</topic><topic>Protoporphyrins - blood</topic><topic>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</topic><topic>REVIEWS</topic><topic>SMELTERS</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>URINE</topic><topic>WASTES</topic><topic>ZINC</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yi-lan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanghai First Medical Coll., People's Republic of China</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Yi-lan</au><aucorp>Shanghai First Medical Coll., People's Republic of China</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Industrial lead poisoning in China over the past 33 years</atitle><jtitle>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><date>1984-12</date><risdate>1984</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>526</spage><epage>530</epage><pages>526-530</pages><issn>0147-6513</issn><eissn>1090-2414</eissn><coden>EESADV</coden><abstract>This paper is a review of the 48 articles in scientific journals and special reports of investigations emanating from the author's department involving 2504 subjects. During the past 33 years, as a result of the establishment of health and antiepidemic stations throughout the country, the enactment of hygienic standards, and the setting up of the reporting system for industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, the air lead level has been reduced from 10 mg/m
3 in the years soon after liberation (1949) to below 0.03 mg/m
3 at present. Severe plumbism has disappeared. Some mild cases, however, could still be found among workers in lead smelters and electric battery plants. Great advances have been made in techniques for early diagnosis of lead poisoning. Blood lead, urine lead, aminolevulinic dehydrase, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) have been used as criteria for lead exposure. For the purpose of preventive monitoring, ZnPP as a screening index is the first choice. Behavioral function and sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity measurements of median nerve might also be used for the investigation of lead exposure. The maximum allowable concentration of 0.03 mg/m
3 for air lead level in the workshop, in agreement with the results of a nationwide lead industry investigation, has been proven safe. There is also the need to monitor the air lead level and blood lead level in the general population and children living adjacent to a lead industry.</abstract><cop>San Diego, CA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>6391901</pmid><doi>10.1016/0147-6513(84)90012-5</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States), 1984-12, Vol.8 (6), p.526-530 |
| issn | 0147-6513 1090-2414 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | 500200 - Environment, Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989) 560306 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Man- (-1987) Adult Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity AIR POLLUTION Aminolevulinic Acid - blood Aminolevulinic Acid - urine ASIA Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BIOLOGICAL WASTES BLOOD BODY FLUIDS CARBON-OXYGEN LYASES CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Child CHINA DOCUMENT TYPES ELECTRIC BATTERIES ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS ELEMENTS Environmental Pollution - analysis ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENZYMES Female Hair - analysis HAZARDS HEALTH HAZARDS HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS Humans HYDRO-LYASES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL PLANTS LEAD Lead - blood Lead - urine Lead Poisoning - diagnosis Lead Poisoning - epidemiology LYASES Male MATERIALS Medical sciences METALS Metals and various inorganic compounds OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Occupational Diseases - chemically induced OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ORGANIC ACIDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS PERSONNEL PIGMENTS POLLUTION Porphobilinogen Synthase - blood PORPHYRINS PROTOPORPHYRINS Protoporphyrins - blood RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT REVIEWS SMELTERS Toxicology URINE WASTES ZINC |
| title | Industrial lead poisoning in China over the past 33 years |
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