Maintaining environmental quality while expanding biomass production: Sub-regional U.S. policy simulations
This paper evaluates environmental policy effects on ligno-cellulosic biomass production and environmental outcomes using an integrated bioeconomic optimization model. The environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate crop yields and environmental indicators in current and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Energy Policy, 57:518–531 57:518–531, 2013-06, Vol.57, p.518-531 |
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| creator | Egbendewe-Mondzozo, Aklesso Swinton, Scott M. Izaurralde, R. César Manowitz, David H. Zhang, Xuesong |
| description | This paper evaluates environmental policy effects on ligno-cellulosic biomass production and environmental outcomes using an integrated bioeconomic optimization model. The environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate crop yields and environmental indicators in current and future potential bioenergy cropping systems based on weather, topographic and soil data. The crop yield and environmental outcome parameters from EPIC are combined with biomass transport costs and economic parameters in a representative farmer profit-maximizing mathematical optimization model. The model is used to predict the impact of alternative policies on biomass production and environmental outcomes. We find that without environmental policy, rising biomass prices initially trigger production of annual crop residues, resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and nutrient losses to surface and ground water. At higher biomass prices, perennial bioenergy crops replace annual crop residues as biomass sources, resulting in lower environmental impacts. Simulations of three environmental policies namely a carbon price, a no-till area subsidy, and a fertilizer tax reveal that only the carbon price policy systematically mitigates environmental impacts. The fertilizer tax is ineffectual and too costly to farmers. The no-till subsidy is effective only at low biomass prices and is too costly to government.
► Bioeconomic optimization model predicts how biomass production affects environment. ► Rising biomass production could impair climate and water quality. ► Environmental protection policies compared as biomass supply grows. ► Carbon price protects the environment cost-effectively as biomass supply expands. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.021 |
| format | Article |
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► Bioeconomic optimization model predicts how biomass production affects environment. ► Rising biomass production could impair climate and water quality. ► Environmental protection policies compared as biomass supply grows. ► Carbon price protects the environment cost-effectively as biomass supply expands.</description><subject>Agricultural industry</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agricultural subsidies</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Bioenergy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomass energy</subject><subject>Carbon emissions</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Cost</subject><subject>Crop residues</subject><subject>Economic data</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy economics</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental policy</subject><subject>Environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC)</subject><subject>Environmental quality</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Farmers</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General, economic and professional studies</subject><subject>Generalities. Production, biomass. Quality of wood and forest products. General forest ecology</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Natural energy</subject><subject>Pollution control</subject><subject>Price policies</subject><subject>Prices</subject><subject>Production</subject><subject>Production. 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César</au><au>Manowitz, David H.</au><au>Zhang, Xuesong</au><aucorp>Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Maintaining environmental quality while expanding biomass production: Sub-regional U.S. policy simulations</atitle><jtitle>Energy Policy, 57:518–531</jtitle><date>2013-06-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>57</volume><spage>518</spage><epage>531</epage><pages>518-531</pages><issn>0301-4215</issn><eissn>1873-6777</eissn><coden>ENPYAC</coden><abstract>This paper evaluates environmental policy effects on ligno-cellulosic biomass production and environmental outcomes using an integrated bioeconomic optimization model. The environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate crop yields and environmental indicators in current and future potential bioenergy cropping systems based on weather, topographic and soil data. The crop yield and environmental outcome parameters from EPIC are combined with biomass transport costs and economic parameters in a representative farmer profit-maximizing mathematical optimization model. The model is used to predict the impact of alternative policies on biomass production and environmental outcomes. We find that without environmental policy, rising biomass prices initially trigger production of annual crop residues, resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and nutrient losses to surface and ground water. At higher biomass prices, perennial bioenergy crops replace annual crop residues as biomass sources, resulting in lower environmental impacts. Simulations of three environmental policies namely a carbon price, a no-till area subsidy, and a fertilizer tax reveal that only the carbon price policy systematically mitigates environmental impacts. The fertilizer tax is ineffectual and too costly to farmers. The no-till subsidy is effective only at low biomass prices and is too costly to government.
► Bioeconomic optimization model predicts how biomass production affects environment. ► Rising biomass production could impair climate and water quality. ► Environmental protection policies compared as biomass supply grows. ► Carbon price protects the environment cost-effectively as biomass supply expands.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.021</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural industry Agricultural production Agricultural subsidies Air pollution Applied sciences Bioenergy Biological and medical sciences Biomass Biomass energy Carbon emissions Climate Cost Crop residues Economic data Energy Energy economics Environment Environmental policy Environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) Environmental quality Exact sciences and technology Farmers Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General, economic and professional studies Generalities. Production, biomass. Quality of wood and forest products. General forest ecology Mathematical models Natural energy Pollution control Price policies Prices Production Production. Biomass Soil erosion Studies Subsidies U.S.A Water Weather |
| title | Maintaining environmental quality while expanding biomass production: Sub-regional U.S. policy simulations |
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