The Relationship between Memory and Inductive Reasoning: Does It Develop?
In 2 studies, the authors examined the development of the relationship between inductive reasoning and visual recognition memory. In both studies, 5- to 6-year-old children and adults were shown instances of a basic-level category (dogs) followed by a test set containing old and new category members...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 2013-05, Vol.49 (5), p.848-860 |
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| creator | Hayes, Brett K Fritz, Kristina Heit, Evan |
| description | In 2 studies, the authors examined the development of the relationship between inductive reasoning and visual recognition memory. In both studies, 5- to 6-year-old children and adults were shown instances of a basic-level category (dogs) followed by a test set containing old and new category members that varied in their similarity to study items. Participants were given either recognition instructions (memorize study items and discriminate between old and new test items) or induction instructions (learn about a novel property shared by the study items and decide whether it generalizes to test items). Across both tasks, children made a greater number of positive responses than did adults. Across both age groups, a greater number of positive responses were made in induction than in recognition. The application of a mathematical model, called GEN-EX for generalization from examples, showed that both memory and reasoning data could be explained by a single exemplar-based process that assumes task and age differences in generalization gradients. These results show considerable developmental continuity in the cognitive processes that underlie memory and inductive reasoning. (Contains 2 tables, 3 figures and 2 footnotes.) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0028891 |
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In both studies, 5- to 6-year-old children and adults were shown instances of a basic-level category (dogs) followed by a test set containing old and new category members that varied in their similarity to study items. Participants were given either recognition instructions (memorize study items and discriminate between old and new test items) or induction instructions (learn about a novel property shared by the study items and decide whether it generalizes to test items). Across both tasks, children made a greater number of positive responses than did adults. Across both age groups, a greater number of positive responses were made in induction than in recognition. The application of a mathematical model, called GEN-EX for generalization from examples, showed that both memory and reasoning data could be explained by a single exemplar-based process that assumes task and age differences in generalization gradients. These results show considerable developmental continuity in the cognitive processes that underlie memory and inductive reasoning. (Contains 2 tables, 3 figures and 2 footnotes.)</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult. Elderly</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition. Intelligence</subject><subject>Cognitive Development</subject><subject>Cognitive Processes</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Developmental Continuity</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Discrimination (Psychology)</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Generalization</subject><subject>Generalization (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Generalizations</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Induction</subject><subject>Inductive Deductive Reasoning</subject><subject>Inductive reasoning</subject><subject>Judgment</subject><subject>Logical Thinking</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical Models</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation</subject><subject>Probability</subject><subject>Problem Solving - physiology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reasoning. Problem solving</subject><subject>Recognition (Learning)</subject><subject>Recognition (Psychology)</subject><subject>Recognition (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Test Items</subject><subject>Visual communication</subject><subject>Visual Memory</subject><subject>Visual Perception</subject><subject>Young Children</subject><issn>0012-1649</issn><issn>1939-0599</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0V1LHDEUBuAgLbq1Qv9AZaAUejM2J9_xRopf3WIpFL0eYuZMHZlN1mTG4r9vtq4KvdBehZAnJ-fkJeQd0D2gXH92lDJjLGyQGVhuayqtfUVmlAKrQQm7Rd7kfF22glu5SbYYU0aB5jMyP7_C6icObuxjyFf9srrE8TdiqL7jIqa7yoW2mod28mN_u5Iux9CHX_vVUcRczcfqCG9xiMuDt-R154aMO-t1m1ycHJ8ffq3PfpzOD7-c1V5IPdad7iiC1K0vTUoquDeqc1p3XilJoXPeaMWdBKWlKDdabgQIJlvvNUVG-Tb5dF93meLNhHlsFn32OAwuYJxyAwK0kYYBvEy55qL8m-D_QYUWiluqCv3wD72OUwpl5r9KGbBGP6soo2AK00_P-hRzTtg1y9QvXLorqFlF2zxEW-juuuB0ucD2ET5kWcDHNXDZu6FLLvg-PznNDBOw6v_9vcPU-8fj429AqbZg-B_xOq65</recordid><startdate>20130501</startdate><enddate>20130501</enddate><creator>Hayes, Brett K</creator><creator>Fritz, Kristina</creator><creator>Heit, Evan</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130501</creationdate><title>The Relationship between Memory and Inductive Reasoning: Does It Develop?</title><author>Hayes, Brett K ; Fritz, Kristina ; Heit, Evan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-f7f0e157dc0595043c86fa77fc66501fac8763a516754457d3841425dcc70e203</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult. Elderly</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognition. Intelligence</topic><topic>Cognitive Development</topic><topic>Cognitive Processes</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Developmental Continuity</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Discrimination (Psychology)</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Generalization</topic><topic>Generalization (Psychology) - physiology</topic><topic>Generalizations</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Induction</topic><topic>Inductive Deductive Reasoning</topic><topic>Inductive reasoning</topic><topic>Judgment</topic><topic>Logical Thinking</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical Models</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Models, Statistical</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation</topic><topic>Probability</topic><topic>Problem Solving - physiology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reasoning. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult. Elderly Adults Age Differences Age Factors Biological and medical sciences Child Child development Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Cognition & reasoning Cognition. Intelligence Cognitive Development Cognitive Processes Correlation Developmental Continuity Developmental psychology Discrimination (Psychology) Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Generalization Generalization (Psychology) - physiology Generalizations Human Humans Induction Inductive Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning Judgment Logical Thinking Male Mathematical Models Memory Models, Statistical Neuropsychological Tests Photic Stimulation Probability Problem Solving - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reasoning. Problem solving Recognition (Learning) Recognition (Psychology) Recognition (Psychology) - physiology Test Items Visual communication Visual Memory Visual Perception Young Children |
| title | The Relationship between Memory and Inductive Reasoning: Does It Develop? |
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