Instruments for water quality measurements

Water Quality standards applicable to metals, nutrients, pesticides, and oxygen demand are described. Instrumentation and monitoring systems that form the basis of current commercial or developing techniques for measuring water pollutants are described. Manual laboratory analyzers, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, colorimetry, emission spectrometry, gas chromatography, gas membrane electrodes, and automated laboratory instrumentation are discussed. The manufacturers of and pollutants sampled by various instruments are listed.