Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis: A Review of the Literature
Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP), an ancient molecule highly preserved across species, has been classified as a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide/growth hormone-releasing hormone polypeptide family. PACAP was first identified as a hypothalamic-re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Reproductive Sciences 2013-08, Vol.20 (8), p.857-871 |
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| creator | Thomas, Robin L. Crawford, Natalie M. Grafer, Constance M. Halvorson, Lisa M. |
| description | Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP), an ancient molecule highly preserved across species, has been classified as a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide/growth hormone-releasing hormone polypeptide family. PACAP was first identified as a hypothalamic-releasing factor; nevertheless, it has subsequently been determined to have widespread distribution and function, including expression in the pituitary, gonads, placenta, central and peripheral nervous systems, intestinal tract, and adrenal gland. Consistent with its widespread distribution, PACAP has been found to exert pleiotropic effects. Although first described over 20 years ago, only relatively recently has substantial attention turned to evaluating PACAP’s role in the reproductive system. This review will focus on our current understanding of the expression pattern and function of PACAP in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1933719112466310 |
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Sci</addtitle><addtitle>Reprod Sci</addtitle><description>Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP), an ancient molecule highly preserved across species, has been classified as a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide/growth hormone-releasing hormone polypeptide family. PACAP was first identified as a hypothalamic-releasing factor; nevertheless, it has subsequently been determined to have widespread distribution and function, including expression in the pituitary, gonads, placenta, central and peripheral nervous systems, intestinal tract, and adrenal gland. Consistent with its widespread distribution, PACAP has been found to exert pleiotropic effects. Although first described over 20 years ago, only relatively recently has substantial attention turned to evaluating PACAP’s role in the reproductive system. This review will focus on our current understanding of the expression pattern and function of PACAP in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Embryology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gonads - metabolism</subject><subject>Gonads - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery</subject><subject>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - genetics</subject><subject>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - metabolism</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - physiopathology</subject><subject>Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Reproductive Medicine</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><issn>1933-7191</issn><issn>1933-7205</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkL9OwzAQxi0E4v_OhDLCEPAlTpyMUQUFqRIdYI4u8aUY0iTEDiIb78Ab8iQYtXRgQOiGO_l-36fzx9gJ8AsAKS8hDUMJKUAg4jgEvsX2v598GfBo-2d2-z12YMwT55FIg2SX7QWhqzSO9tnzXNtBW-xHL1PUjDVa8iZjWaOhz_ePrLT6Fa1uFt68rceOOqsVeWfzbJLNzz3dePaRvJuxa-0j1rjUpRNtLN08bRtUWHvZmzZHbKfC2tDxuh-yh-ur-8mNP7ub3k6ymV-GMrW-jACDolRVEskAKJISIVSqEkKJokIUCRIXWKZCUpJUohCcpABQqqhixePwkJ2tfLu-fRnI2HypTUl1jQ21g8lBcOApJBA5lK_Qsm-N6anKu14v3ek58Pw74vx3xE5yunYfiiWpjeAnUwfACjBu1Syoz5_aoW_cj_8y9dcaXNA_-C_5bJXs</recordid><startdate>20130801</startdate><enddate>20130801</enddate><creator>Thomas, Robin L.</creator><creator>Crawford, Natalie M.</creator><creator>Grafer, Constance M.</creator><creator>Halvorson, Lisa M.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Springer International Publishing</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130801</creationdate><title>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis</title><author>Thomas, Robin L. ; Crawford, Natalie M. ; Grafer, Constance M. ; Halvorson, Lisa M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-751a2bcdf85721e577a13ddf44d4bfaa48ae04ac947e88f4b40e7411ddbf6d063</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Embryology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gonads - metabolism</topic><topic>Gonads - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery</topic><topic>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - genetics</topic><topic>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - metabolism</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - physiopathology</topic><topic>Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Reproductive Medicine</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Robin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Natalie M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grafer, Constance M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halvorson, Lisa M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Reproductive Sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thomas, Robin L.</au><au>Crawford, Natalie M.</au><au>Grafer, Constance M.</au><au>Halvorson, Lisa M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis: A Review of the Literature</atitle><jtitle>Reproductive Sciences</jtitle><stitle>Reprod. Sci</stitle><addtitle>Reprod Sci</addtitle><date>2013-08-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>857</spage><epage>871</epage><pages>857-871</pages><issn>1933-7191</issn><eissn>1933-7205</eissn><abstract>Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP), an ancient molecule highly preserved across species, has been classified as a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide/growth hormone-releasing hormone polypeptide family. PACAP was first identified as a hypothalamic-releasing factor; nevertheless, it has subsequently been determined to have widespread distribution and function, including expression in the pituitary, gonads, placenta, central and peripheral nervous systems, intestinal tract, and adrenal gland. Consistent with its widespread distribution, PACAP has been found to exert pleiotropic effects. 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| subjects | Animals Embryology Female Gonads - metabolism Gonads - physiopathology Humans Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology Male Medicine & Public Health Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - genetics Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism Pituitary Gland - metabolism Pituitary Gland - physiopathology Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - metabolism Reproduction Reproductive Medicine Review Signal Transduction |
| title | Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis: A Review of the Literature |
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