Pharmacodynamics of Alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit
Alcide is a germicidal preparation which has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi, in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO 2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fundamental and applied toxicology 1984-01, Vol.4 (3), p.479-484 |
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| container_title | Fundamental and applied toxicology |
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| creator | Scatina, JoAnn Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S. Gerges, Samy E. Khan, M.Yusuf Gona, Ophelia |
| description | Alcide is a germicidal preparation which has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi,
in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO
2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are combined in equal volumes immediately prior to application resulting in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO
2). Alcide gel was applied to the shaven backs of 18 female Sprague-Dawley rats in a 2.0-g/kg dose by combining 1 g of each part immediately prior to administration. This dose was applied for a period of 10 days to reach a steady state. On the 11th day,
36Cl-labeled Alcide gel, which contained Na
36ClO
2 in Part A, was administered to the animals in a 0.6-g dose (2.0 g/kg) containing 0.1 μCi. The half-life for
36Cl absorption was 22.1 hr while the elimination half-life was 64.0 hr.
36Cl was excreted by the kidneys with chloride (Cl
−) and chlorite as the metabolites. Ninety-six hours after Alcide administration, radioactivity was highest in whole blood and lowest in fat. In a 90-day subchronic dermal toxicity study in rabbits, exposure to Alcide gel resulted in decreased glutathione concentrations in blood of the group receiving 2.0 g/kg Alcide as well as in the placebo gel group which received the same dose of gel. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90206-9 |
| format | Article |
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in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO
2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are combined in equal volumes immediately prior to application resulting in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO
2). Alcide gel was applied to the shaven backs of 18 female Sprague-Dawley rats in a 2.0-g/kg dose by combining 1 g of each part immediately prior to administration. This dose was applied for a period of 10 days to reach a steady state. On the 11th day,
36Cl-labeled Alcide gel, which contained Na
36ClO
2 in Part A, was administered to the animals in a 0.6-g dose (2.0 g/kg) containing 0.1 μCi. The half-life for
36Cl absorption was 22.1 hr while the elimination half-life was 64.0 hr.
36Cl was excreted by the kidneys with chloride (Cl
−) and chlorite as the metabolites. Ninety-six hours after Alcide administration, radioactivity was highest in whole blood and lowest in fat. In a 90-day subchronic dermal toxicity study in rabbits, exposure to Alcide gel resulted in decreased glutathione concentrations in blood of the group receiving 2.0 g/kg Alcide as well as in the placebo gel group which received the same dose of gel.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-0590</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-6832</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90206-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 6745537</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Science (USA)</publisher><subject>Animals ; Chlorine - analysis ; Chlorine - metabolism ; Chlorine - toxicity ; Chlorine Compounds ; Disinfectants - metabolism ; Disinfectants - toxicity ; Female ; Gels ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Male ; Osmotic Fragility - drug effects ; Oxides - metabolism ; Oxides - toxicity ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Skin Diseases - chemically induced ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution</subject><ispartof>Fundamental and applied toxicology, 1984-01, Vol.4 (3), p.479-484</ispartof><rights>1984</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6745537$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Scatina, JoAnn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerges, Samy E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, M.Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gona, Ophelia</creatorcontrib><title>Pharmacodynamics of Alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit</title><title>Fundamental and applied toxicology</title><addtitle>Fundam Appl Toxicol</addtitle><description>Alcide is a germicidal preparation which has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi,
in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO
2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are combined in equal volumes immediately prior to application resulting in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO
2). Alcide gel was applied to the shaven backs of 18 female Sprague-Dawley rats in a 2.0-g/kg dose by combining 1 g of each part immediately prior to administration. This dose was applied for a period of 10 days to reach a steady state. On the 11th day,
36Cl-labeled Alcide gel, which contained Na
36ClO
2 in Part A, was administered to the animals in a 0.6-g dose (2.0 g/kg) containing 0.1 μCi. The half-life for
36Cl absorption was 22.1 hr while the elimination half-life was 64.0 hr.
36Cl was excreted by the kidneys with chloride (Cl
−) and chlorite as the metabolites. Ninety-six hours after Alcide administration, radioactivity was highest in whole blood and lowest in fat. In a 90-day subchronic dermal toxicity study in rabbits, exposure to Alcide gel resulted in decreased glutathione concentrations in blood of the group receiving 2.0 g/kg Alcide as well as in the placebo gel group which received the same dose of gel.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chlorine - analysis</subject><subject>Chlorine - metabolism</subject><subject>Chlorine - toxicity</subject><subject>Chlorine Compounds</subject><subject>Disinfectants - metabolism</subject><subject>Disinfectants - toxicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Intestinal Absorption</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Osmotic Fragility - drug effects</subject><subject>Oxides - metabolism</subject><subject>Oxides - toxicity</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Inbred Strains</subject><subject>Skin Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><issn>0272-0590</issn><issn>1095-6832</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1984</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kNtKAzEQhoMotVbfQCFXouBqTnvIjVCKJyzohV6HHKYY2d3UZFfp27tri1c_zPczzHwInVJyTQktbggrWUZySS4qcSkJI0Um99CUEplnRcXZPpr-Vw7RUUqfhFCaCzJBk6IUec7LKXp-_dCx0Ta4TasbbxMOKzyvrXdwhTVu4QfrtvMDicF4XWMbmnXoW3eFfYuj7gbshjTGd8foYKXrBCe7nKH3-7u3xWO2fHl4WsyXGTAmuowy4QrJWEUMY1y7oqxoKYeJpjnl3FhpaWlIVVTCAFuBHllpcqkJrLgAPkPn273rGL56SJ1qfLJQ17qF0CdFuWRCCj4Uz3bF3jTg1Dr6RseN2n0_8Nsth-Habw9RJeuhteB8BNspF7yiRI221ahSjSpVJdSfbSX5L_nXbrM</recordid><startdate>19840101</startdate><enddate>19840101</enddate><creator>Scatina, JoAnn</creator><creator>Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S.</creator><creator>Gerges, Samy E.</creator><creator>Khan, M.Yusuf</creator><creator>Gona, Ophelia</creator><general>Elsevier Science (USA)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19840101</creationdate><title>Pharmacodynamics of Alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit</title><author>Scatina, JoAnn ; Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S. ; Gerges, Samy E. ; Khan, M.Yusuf ; Gona, Ophelia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e224t-124d692280b223ad678179692a15133bc9c17b08684be2fea96927b59a0ef34e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1984</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Chlorine - analysis</topic><topic>Chlorine - metabolism</topic><topic>Chlorine - toxicity</topic><topic>Chlorine Compounds</topic><topic>Disinfectants - metabolism</topic><topic>Disinfectants - toxicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Intestinal Absorption</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Osmotic Fragility - drug effects</topic><topic>Oxides - metabolism</topic><topic>Oxides - toxicity</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Inbred Strains</topic><topic>Skin Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tissue Distribution</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Scatina, JoAnn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerges, Samy E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, M.Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gona, Ophelia</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Fundamental and applied toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Scatina, JoAnn</au><au>Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S.</au><au>Gerges, Samy E.</au><au>Khan, M.Yusuf</au><au>Gona, Ophelia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pharmacodynamics of Alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit</atitle><jtitle>Fundamental and applied toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Fundam Appl Toxicol</addtitle><date>1984-01-01</date><risdate>1984</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>479</spage><epage>484</epage><pages>479-484</pages><issn>0272-0590</issn><eissn>1095-6832</eissn><abstract>Alcide is a germicidal preparation which has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi,
in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO
2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are combined in equal volumes immediately prior to application resulting in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO
2). Alcide gel was applied to the shaven backs of 18 female Sprague-Dawley rats in a 2.0-g/kg dose by combining 1 g of each part immediately prior to administration. This dose was applied for a period of 10 days to reach a steady state. On the 11th day,
36Cl-labeled Alcide gel, which contained Na
36ClO
2 in Part A, was administered to the animals in a 0.6-g dose (2.0 g/kg) containing 0.1 μCi. The half-life for
36Cl absorption was 22.1 hr while the elimination half-life was 64.0 hr.
36Cl was excreted by the kidneys with chloride (Cl
−) and chlorite as the metabolites. Ninety-six hours after Alcide administration, radioactivity was highest in whole blood and lowest in fat. In a 90-day subchronic dermal toxicity study in rabbits, exposure to Alcide gel resulted in decreased glutathione concentrations in blood of the group receiving 2.0 g/kg Alcide as well as in the placebo gel group which received the same dose of gel.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Science (USA)</pub><pmid>6745537</pmid><doi>10.1016/0272-0590(84)90206-9</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Fundamental and applied toxicology, 1984-01, Vol.4 (3), p.479-484 |
| issn | 0272-0590 1095-6832 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Oxford University Press Journals Digital Archive Legacy |
| subjects | Animals Chlorine - analysis Chlorine - metabolism Chlorine - toxicity Chlorine Compounds Disinfectants - metabolism Disinfectants - toxicity Female Gels Intestinal Absorption Kinetics Male Osmotic Fragility - drug effects Oxides - metabolism Oxides - toxicity Rabbits Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Skin Diseases - chemically induced Species Specificity Time Factors Tissue Distribution |
| title | Pharmacodynamics of Alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit |
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