Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil
Many mathematical descriptions of C and N transformations in soils have been developed in the last decade, but only a few explicitly model the activity and mass of soil organisms. Great difficulties still exist in establishing basic parameters governing the kinetics of microbial turnover. The presen...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Plant and soil 1984-01, Vol.76 (1/3), p.257-274 |
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description | Many mathematical descriptions of C and N transformations in soils have been developed in the last decade, but only a few explicitly model the activity and mass of soil organisms. Great difficulties still exist in establishing basic parameters governing the kinetics of microbial turnover. The present state of the art is discussed briefly. The model of Van Veen and Frissel on C transformations and related mineralization and immobilization of N has been developed further based on laboratory and field data obtained with different Australian soils. Firstly, case studies show the large effects of the frequency of drying and rewetting of soils on the decomposition of organic matter and on the turnover of biomass. Secondly, the more refined model embraces the concept that soils have characteristic capacities to preserve both organic matter and microorganisms. Preservation of microorganisms could result from protection against predation and/or from amelioration of harsh environmental conditions. Biomass formed in excess of a soil's preservation capacity is assumed to die at a relatively high rate. Furthermore, biomass and its immediate organic products of decay are considered to form mainly a closed system from which only small proportions of the products leak out as stabilized materials. These concepts have been tested with data from laboratory experiments in which ¹⁴C-and ¹⁵N-labelled substrates and bacteria were added to a clay and sandy soil. Net mineralization of C and N (labelled and unlabelled) and changes in the total and labelled biomass as determined by the chloroform fumigation technique allowed for a thorough testing of these concepts in the manner in which they were included in the model. The fits between experimental observations and model outputs were very close. The model indicated that the contrasting metabolism of both C and N in a clay versus a sandy soil could largely be explained by differences in the capacities of the two soils to preserve microorganisms. The ability of a simulation model to describe accurately not only short-term events, e.g. N cycling during one growing season, but also the same processes over, say a decade, is an important criterion in assessing its predictive power. In this paper some of the results will be discussed of testing the model, developed from a consideration of the aforementioned laboratory studies, for its accuracy in describing the decomposition of plant residues in an 8-year field experiment. |
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A. ; LADD, J. N. ; FRISSEL, M. J.</creator><contributor>Darbyshire, JF (eds) ; Tinsley, J</contributor><creatorcontrib>VAN VEEN, J. A. ; LADD, J. N. ; FRISSEL, M. J. ; Darbyshire, JF (eds) ; Tinsley, J</creatorcontrib><description>Many mathematical descriptions of C and N transformations in soils have been developed in the last decade, but only a few explicitly model the activity and mass of soil organisms. Great difficulties still exist in establishing basic parameters governing the kinetics of microbial turnover. The present state of the art is discussed briefly. The model of Van Veen and Frissel on C transformations and related mineralization and immobilization of N has been developed further based on laboratory and field data obtained with different Australian soils. Firstly, case studies show the large effects of the frequency of drying and rewetting of soils on the decomposition of organic matter and on the turnover of biomass. Secondly, the more refined model embraces the concept that soils have characteristic capacities to preserve both organic matter and microorganisms. Preservation of microorganisms could result from protection against predation and/or from amelioration of harsh environmental conditions. Biomass formed in excess of a soil's preservation capacity is assumed to die at a relatively high rate. Furthermore, biomass and its immediate organic products of decay are considered to form mainly a closed system from which only small proportions of the products leak out as stabilized materials. These concepts have been tested with data from laboratory experiments in which ¹⁴C-and ¹⁵N-labelled substrates and bacteria were added to a clay and sandy soil. Net mineralization of C and N (labelled and unlabelled) and changes in the total and labelled biomass as determined by the chloroform fumigation technique allowed for a thorough testing of these concepts in the manner in which they were included in the model. The fits between experimental observations and model outputs were very close. The model indicated that the contrasting metabolism of both C and N in a clay versus a sandy soil could largely be explained by differences in the capacities of the two soils to preserve microorganisms. The ability of a simulation model to describe accurately not only short-term events, e.g. N cycling during one growing season, but also the same processes over, say a decade, is an important criterion in assessing its predictive power. In this paper some of the results will be discussed of testing the model, developed from a consideration of the aforementioned laboratory studies, for its accuracy in describing the decomposition of plant residues in an 8-year field experiment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-079X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-5036</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/BF02205585</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W.Junk Publishers</publisher><subject>Agricultural soils ; Biomass ; Grassland soils ; Microbial biomass ; Organic soils ; Radiocarbon ; Sand soils ; Section 5: Dynamics and models of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation in cultivated soils ; Soil biochemistry ; Soil microorganisms ; Soil organic matter</subject><ispartof>Plant and soil, 1984-01, Vol.76 (1/3), p.257-274</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 1984 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-1cc02e1e72a3225f134067a6e1f312508ff531072af87241c2ffe99a69acef353</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-1cc02e1e72a3225f134067a6e1f312508ff531072af87241c2ffe99a69acef353</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42934505$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/42934505$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,803,23929,23930,25139,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Darbyshire, JF (eds)</contributor><contributor>Tinsley, J</contributor><creatorcontrib>VAN VEEN, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LADD, J. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRISSEL, M. J.</creatorcontrib><title>Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil</title><title>Plant and soil</title><description>Many mathematical descriptions of C and N transformations in soils have been developed in the last decade, but only a few explicitly model the activity and mass of soil organisms. Great difficulties still exist in establishing basic parameters governing the kinetics of microbial turnover. The present state of the art is discussed briefly. The model of Van Veen and Frissel on C transformations and related mineralization and immobilization of N has been developed further based on laboratory and field data obtained with different Australian soils. Firstly, case studies show the large effects of the frequency of drying and rewetting of soils on the decomposition of organic matter and on the turnover of biomass. Secondly, the more refined model embraces the concept that soils have characteristic capacities to preserve both organic matter and microorganisms. Preservation of microorganisms could result from protection against predation and/or from amelioration of harsh environmental conditions. Biomass formed in excess of a soil's preservation capacity is assumed to die at a relatively high rate. Furthermore, biomass and its immediate organic products of decay are considered to form mainly a closed system from which only small proportions of the products leak out as stabilized materials. These concepts have been tested with data from laboratory experiments in which ¹⁴C-and ¹⁵N-labelled substrates and bacteria were added to a clay and sandy soil. Net mineralization of C and N (labelled and unlabelled) and changes in the total and labelled biomass as determined by the chloroform fumigation technique allowed for a thorough testing of these concepts in the manner in which they were included in the model. The fits between experimental observations and model outputs were very close. The model indicated that the contrasting metabolism of both C and N in a clay versus a sandy soil could largely be explained by differences in the capacities of the two soils to preserve microorganisms. The ability of a simulation model to describe accurately not only short-term events, e.g. N cycling during one growing season, but also the same processes over, say a decade, is an important criterion in assessing its predictive power. In this paper some of the results will be discussed of testing the model, developed from a consideration of the aforementioned laboratory studies, for its accuracy in describing the decomposition of plant residues in an 8-year field experiment.</description><subject>Agricultural soils</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Grassland soils</subject><subject>Microbial biomass</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Radiocarbon</subject><subject>Sand soils</subject><subject>Section 5: Dynamics and models of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation in cultivated soils</subject><subject>Soil biochemistry</subject><subject>Soil microorganisms</subject><subject>Soil organic matter</subject><issn>0032-079X</issn><issn>1573-5036</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1984</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkMFLwzAYxYMoWKcX70JOHoTqly9N097U4lSYelHwVrIs2TLaZiatsP_ejomeHo_34_F4hJwzuGYA8uZ-CoggRCEOSMKE5KkAnh-SBIBjCrL8PCYnMa5h51mekNsXvzBN47olrajqFvSV9kPo_LcJtF8FPyxXoxraOh383KmGzp1vVYzUdTR615ySI6uaaM5-dUI-pg_v1VM6e3t8ru5mqcYC-5RpDWiYkag4orCMZ5BLlRtmOUMBhbWCMxhjW0jMmEZrTVmqvFTaWC74hFzuezfBfw0m9nXroh6nq874IdaMF7ksJY7g1R4cB8cYjK03wbUqbGsG9e6k-v-kEb7Yw-vY-_BHZljyTIDgPw29YXc</recordid><startdate>19840101</startdate><enddate>19840101</enddate><creator>VAN VEEN, J. A.</creator><creator>LADD, J. N.</creator><creator>FRISSEL, M. J.</creator><general>Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W.Junk Publishers</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19840101</creationdate><title>Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil</title><author>VAN VEEN, J. A. ; LADD, J. N. ; FRISSEL, M. J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-1cc02e1e72a3225f134067a6e1f312508ff531072af87241c2ffe99a69acef353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1984</creationdate><topic>Agricultural soils</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Grassland soils</topic><topic>Microbial biomass</topic><topic>Organic soils</topic><topic>Radiocarbon</topic><topic>Sand soils</topic><topic>Section 5: Dynamics and models of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation in cultivated soils</topic><topic>Soil biochemistry</topic><topic>Soil microorganisms</topic><topic>Soil organic matter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>VAN VEEN, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LADD, J. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRISSEL, M. J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Plant and soil</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>VAN VEEN, J. A.</au><au>LADD, J. N.</au><au>FRISSEL, M. J.</au><au>Darbyshire, JF (eds)</au><au>Tinsley, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil</atitle><jtitle>Plant and soil</jtitle><date>1984-01-01</date><risdate>1984</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>1/3</issue><spage>257</spage><epage>274</epage><pages>257-274</pages><issn>0032-079X</issn><eissn>1573-5036</eissn><abstract>Many mathematical descriptions of C and N transformations in soils have been developed in the last decade, but only a few explicitly model the activity and mass of soil organisms. Great difficulties still exist in establishing basic parameters governing the kinetics of microbial turnover. The present state of the art is discussed briefly. The model of Van Veen and Frissel on C transformations and related mineralization and immobilization of N has been developed further based on laboratory and field data obtained with different Australian soils. Firstly, case studies show the large effects of the frequency of drying and rewetting of soils on the decomposition of organic matter and on the turnover of biomass. Secondly, the more refined model embraces the concept that soils have characteristic capacities to preserve both organic matter and microorganisms. Preservation of microorganisms could result from protection against predation and/or from amelioration of harsh environmental conditions. Biomass formed in excess of a soil's preservation capacity is assumed to die at a relatively high rate. Furthermore, biomass and its immediate organic products of decay are considered to form mainly a closed system from which only small proportions of the products leak out as stabilized materials. These concepts have been tested with data from laboratory experiments in which ¹⁴C-and ¹⁵N-labelled substrates and bacteria were added to a clay and sandy soil. Net mineralization of C and N (labelled and unlabelled) and changes in the total and labelled biomass as determined by the chloroform fumigation technique allowed for a thorough testing of these concepts in the manner in which they were included in the model. The fits between experimental observations and model outputs were very close. The model indicated that the contrasting metabolism of both C and N in a clay versus a sandy soil could largely be explained by differences in the capacities of the two soils to preserve microorganisms. The ability of a simulation model to describe accurately not only short-term events, e.g. N cycling during one growing season, but also the same processes over, say a decade, is an important criterion in assessing its predictive power. In this paper some of the results will be discussed of testing the model, developed from a consideration of the aforementioned laboratory studies, for its accuracy in describing the decomposition of plant residues in an 8-year field experiment.</abstract><pub>Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W.Junk Publishers</pub><doi>10.1007/BF02205585</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural soils Biomass Grassland soils Microbial biomass Organic soils Radiocarbon Sand soils Section 5: Dynamics and models of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation in cultivated soils Soil biochemistry Soil microorganisms Soil organic matter |
title | Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil |
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