Body Fat and Bone Mineral Content of Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula during the First Year of Life
Objective To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. Study design Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 mon...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of pediatrics 2013-07, Vol.163 (1), p.49-54 |
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| creator | Andres, Aline, PhD Casey, Patrick H., MD Cleves, Mario A., PhD Badger, Thomas M., PhD |
| description | Objective To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. Study design Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-effects models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for race, socioeconomic status, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, sex, age, and diet history. Results Compared with infants fed formulas, infants fed BM had higher FM at age 3 months, and lower FFM at age 6-12 months ( P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.067 |
| format | Article |
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Study design Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-effects models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for race, socioeconomic status, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, sex, age, and diet history. Results Compared with infants fed formulas, infants fed BM had higher FM at age 3 months, and lower FFM at age 6-12 months ( P < .001). Infants fed SF had greater FFM at age 6 months and 9 months compared with infants fed CMF ( P < .001). BMC was higher in infants fed BM and lower in infants fed SF at age 3 months ( P < .001), but by age 12 months, BMC was significantly higher in infants fed SF. Conclusion Infants fed CMF and SF had significantly different fat and bone accretion trajectories, and all infants fed formula were significantly different from infants fed BM. Infants fed SF had a leaner body phenotype throughout the first year of life, lower bone mineralization by age 3 months, and greater bone mineral accretion during the first year of life compared with infants fed BM or CMF. Although the body composition profiles are strikingly different in these 3 diet groups, the implications for long-term health outcomes and bone health remain unclear.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3476</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.067</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23375908</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Mosby, Inc</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; birth weight ; body fat ; Bone Density ; bone mineralization ; Breast Feeding ; breast milk ; diet history ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; fat free mass ; Female ; gestational age ; Glycine max ; Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; infant formulas ; Infant, Newborn ; infants ; Male ; Milk ; mineral content ; Pediatrics ; phenotype ; socioeconomic status</subject><ispartof>The Journal of pediatrics, 2013-07, Vol.163 (1), p.49-54</ispartof><rights>Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>2013 Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-987b52384b90de6ca5e606faf75f878ce50007a0182dab8b268c2886b253f4be3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-987b52384b90de6ca5e606faf75f878ce50007a0182dab8b268c2886b253f4be3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.067$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375908$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andres, Aline, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, Patrick H., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cleves, Mario A., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badger, Thomas M., PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Body Fat and Bone Mineral Content of Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula during the First Year of Life</title><title>The Journal of pediatrics</title><addtitle>J Pediatr</addtitle><description>Objective To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. Study design Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-effects models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for race, socioeconomic status, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, sex, age, and diet history. Results Compared with infants fed formulas, infants fed BM had higher FM at age 3 months, and lower FFM at age 6-12 months ( P < .001). Infants fed SF had greater FFM at age 6 months and 9 months compared with infants fed CMF ( P < .001). BMC was higher in infants fed BM and lower in infants fed SF at age 3 months ( P < .001), but by age 12 months, BMC was significantly higher in infants fed SF. Conclusion Infants fed CMF and SF had significantly different fat and bone accretion trajectories, and all infants fed formula were significantly different from infants fed BM. Infants fed SF had a leaner body phenotype throughout the first year of life, lower bone mineralization by age 3 months, and greater bone mineral accretion during the first year of life compared with infants fed BM or CMF. Although the body composition profiles are strikingly different in these 3 diet groups, the implications for long-term health outcomes and bone health remain unclear.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>birth weight</subject><subject>body fat</subject><subject>Bone Density</subject><subject>bone mineralization</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>breast milk</subject><subject>diet history</subject><subject>dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry</subject><subject>fat free mass</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>gestational age</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Food</subject><subject>infant formulas</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>infants</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>mineral content</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>phenotype</subject><subject>socioeconomic status</subject><issn>0022-3476</issn><issn>1097-6833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1u1DAURi0EokPhCZDAO1g0g38S21mAREcNVBrEYuiCleU4N8XTjD3YCWg2PHudTsuCDZIl29L5rq-PLkIvKVlSQsW77XK7hy4tGaFsmRcR8hFaUFLLQijOH6MFIYwVvJTiBD1LaUsIqUtCnqITxrmsaqIW6M956A64MSM2vsPnwQP-4jxEM-BV8CP4EYceX_re-DHhBjITwaQxU8PNWWZ-v0l3Z9yEuJsGc4ZDxJtweLjjborOX-PxB-DGxZz8DibORdeuh-foSW-GBC_u91N01Vx8W30u1l8_Xa4-rgtbcjUWtZJtxbgq25p0IKypQBDRm15WvZLKQpX_Jg2hinWmVS0TyjKlRMsq3pct8FP09lh3H8PPCdKody5ZGAbjIUxJUy4ZkaIuZUb5EbUxpBSh1_vodiYeNCV6Fq-3-k68nsXrvLL4nHp1_8DU7qD7m3kwnYHXR6A3QZvr6JK-2uQKc-dK1pJl4v2RgCzil4Ook3XgLXQugh11F9x_WvjwT94Ozjtrhhs4QNqGKfrsWFOdckBv5umYh4POXVSi5rd3SbFY</recordid><startdate>20130701</startdate><enddate>20130701</enddate><creator>Andres, Aline, PhD</creator><creator>Casey, Patrick H., MD</creator><creator>Cleves, Mario A., PhD</creator><creator>Badger, Thomas M., PhD</creator><general>Mosby, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130701</creationdate><title>Body Fat and Bone Mineral Content of Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula during the First Year of Life</title><author>Andres, Aline, PhD ; Casey, Patrick H., MD ; Cleves, Mario A., PhD ; Badger, Thomas M., PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-987b52384b90de6ca5e606faf75f878ce50007a0182dab8b268c2886b253f4be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>birth weight</topic><topic>body fat</topic><topic>Bone Density</topic><topic>bone mineralization</topic><topic>Breast Feeding</topic><topic>breast milk</topic><topic>diet history</topic><topic>dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry</topic><topic>fat free mass</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>gestational age</topic><topic>Glycine max</topic><topic>Growth</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Food</topic><topic>infant formulas</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>infants</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>mineral content</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>phenotype</topic><topic>socioeconomic status</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andres, Aline, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, Patrick H., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cleves, Mario A., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badger, Thomas M., PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of pediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andres, Aline, PhD</au><au>Casey, Patrick H., MD</au><au>Cleves, Mario A., PhD</au><au>Badger, Thomas M., PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Body Fat and Bone Mineral Content of Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula during the First Year of Life</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of pediatrics</jtitle><addtitle>J Pediatr</addtitle><date>2013-07-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>163</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>49</spage><epage>54</epage><pages>49-54</pages><issn>0022-3476</issn><eissn>1097-6833</eissn><abstract>Objective To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. Study design Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-effects models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for race, socioeconomic status, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, sex, age, and diet history. Results Compared with infants fed formulas, infants fed BM had higher FM at age 3 months, and lower FFM at age 6-12 months ( P < .001). Infants fed SF had greater FFM at age 6 months and 9 months compared with infants fed CMF ( P < .001). BMC was higher in infants fed BM and lower in infants fed SF at age 3 months ( P < .001), but by age 12 months, BMC was significantly higher in infants fed SF. Conclusion Infants fed CMF and SF had significantly different fat and bone accretion trajectories, and all infants fed formula were significantly different from infants fed BM. Infants fed SF had a leaner body phenotype throughout the first year of life, lower bone mineralization by age 3 months, and greater bone mineral accretion during the first year of life compared with infants fed BM or CMF. Although the body composition profiles are strikingly different in these 3 diet groups, the implications for long-term health outcomes and bone health remain unclear.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Mosby, Inc</pub><pmid>23375908</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.067</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adipose Tissue Animals birth weight body fat Bone Density bone mineralization Breast Feeding breast milk diet history dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat free mass Female gestational age Glycine max Growth Humans Infant Infant Food infant formulas Infant, Newborn infants Male Milk mineral content Pediatrics phenotype socioeconomic status |
| title | Body Fat and Bone Mineral Content of Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula during the First Year of Life |
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