Vegetation Patterns and Species Diversity Along Elevational and Disturbance Gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China
Vegetation and species diversity patterns in conservation areas near big cities are poorly known. These are important recreational areas used also for educational purposes. Therefore, investigations of local diversity patterns are urgently needed. The Baihua Mountain Reserve is close to the city of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Mountain research and development 2013-05, Vol.33 (2), p.170-178 |
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| creator | Zhang, Jin-Tun Xu, Bin Li, Min |
| description | Vegetation and species diversity patterns in conservation areas near big cities are poorly known. These are important recreational areas used also for educational purposes. Therefore, investigations of local diversity patterns are urgently needed. The Baihua Mountain Reserve is close to the city of Beijing and is the northern end of the Taihang mountain range in north China. Sixty-one 10 × 20 m quadrats of plant communities were established along gradients for elevation (750–2043 masl) and disturbance (mainly due to tourism and agriculture). Data on species composition and environmental variables were measured and recorded in each quadrat. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the relationships between vegetation and environmental variables, while species diversity indices were used to analyze the pattern of species diversity. Twelve plant communities were found, mostly secondary forests with some plantations. These communities are representative of the vegetation in the mountains west of Beijing. Each community had a different composition, structure, and environment. The variation of plant communities was significantly related to elevation and disturbance and related to litter thickness, slope, and aspect. The cumulative percentage variance of species–environment relationships for the first 4 CCA axes was 89.6%. Elevation and disturbance intensity were revealed as the factors that most influenced community distribution and species diversity. Species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness all showed a “humped” pattern along elevational and disturbance gradients—the highest species diversity appeared in the middle elevation and under medium disturbance intensity. Recommendations regarding management measures are made. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00042.1 |
| format | Article |
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These are important recreational areas used also for educational purposes. Therefore, investigations of local diversity patterns are urgently needed. The Baihua Mountain Reserve is close to the city of Beijing and is the northern end of the Taihang mountain range in north China. Sixty-one 10 × 20 m quadrats of plant communities were established along gradients for elevation (750–2043 masl) and disturbance (mainly due to tourism and agriculture). Data on species composition and environmental variables were measured and recorded in each quadrat. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the relationships between vegetation and environmental variables, while species diversity indices were used to analyze the pattern of species diversity. Twelve plant communities were found, mostly secondary forests with some plantations. These communities are representative of the vegetation in the mountains west of Beijing. Each community had a different composition, structure, and environment. The variation of plant communities was significantly related to elevation and disturbance and related to litter thickness, slope, and aspect. The cumulative percentage variance of species–environment relationships for the first 4 CCA axes was 89.6%. Elevation and disturbance intensity were revealed as the factors that most influenced community distribution and species diversity. Species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness all showed a “humped” pattern along elevational and disturbance gradients—the highest species diversity appeared in the middle elevation and under medium disturbance intensity. Recommendations regarding management measures are made.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0276-4741</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1994-7151</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00042.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Institute of Geography, University of Bern Hallerstrasse 10, CH–3012 Bern, Switzerland: The International Mountain Society</publisher><subject>Biodiversity ; Biological diversity ; China ; Environment ; Flowers & plants ; Forest ecology ; Forest soils ; Grasslands ; human disturbance ; Hypotheses ; MountainResearch ; nature conservation ; Plant communities ; Plant ecology ; Plants ; Sloping terrain ; Species diversity ; Synecology ; Systems knowledge ; Tourism ; Trees ; Variables ; Vegetation ; Vegetation classification ; Vegetation dynamics ; Vegetation structure ; vegetation–environment relationships</subject><ispartof>Mountain research and development, 2013-05, Vol.33 (2), p.170-178</ispartof><rights>International Mountain Society</rights><rights>2013 by the authors</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 International Mountain Society</rights><rights>Copyright International Mountain Society May 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b519t-a3109c84ad8f1606fae843945f43e005a8e902c5d347783c846fa2787ab39f8e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b519t-a3109c84ad8f1606fae843945f43e005a8e902c5d347783c846fa2787ab39f8e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00042.1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbioone$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/mounresedeve.33.2.170$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>109,314,780,784,803,864,25353,27923,27924,52718,54523,54529,58016,58249</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin-Tun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Min</creatorcontrib><title>Vegetation Patterns and Species Diversity Along Elevational and Disturbance Gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China</title><title>Mountain research and development</title><description>Vegetation and species diversity patterns in conservation areas near big cities are poorly known. These are important recreational areas used also for educational purposes. Therefore, investigations of local diversity patterns are urgently needed. The Baihua Mountain Reserve is close to the city of Beijing and is the northern end of the Taihang mountain range in north China. Sixty-one 10 × 20 m quadrats of plant communities were established along gradients for elevation (750–2043 masl) and disturbance (mainly due to tourism and agriculture). Data on species composition and environmental variables were measured and recorded in each quadrat. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the relationships between vegetation and environmental variables, while species diversity indices were used to analyze the pattern of species diversity. Twelve plant communities were found, mostly secondary forests with some plantations. These communities are representative of the vegetation in the mountains west of Beijing. Each community had a different composition, structure, and environment. The variation of plant communities was significantly related to elevation and disturbance and related to litter thickness, slope, and aspect. The cumulative percentage variance of species–environment relationships for the first 4 CCA axes was 89.6%. Elevation and disturbance intensity were revealed as the factors that most influenced community distribution and species diversity. Species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness all showed a “humped” pattern along elevational and disturbance gradients—the highest species diversity appeared in the middle elevation and under medium disturbance intensity. Recommendations regarding management measures are made.</description><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Forest ecology</subject><subject>Forest soils</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>human disturbance</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>MountainResearch</subject><subject>nature conservation</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>Plant ecology</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Sloping terrain</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>Systems knowledge</subject><subject>Tourism</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Vegetation classification</subject><subject>Vegetation dynamics</subject><subject>Vegetation structure</subject><subject>vegetation–environment relationships</subject><issn>0276-4741</issn><issn>1994-7151</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>JFNAL</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0UFv0zAUB_AIgUQZfAdLXBBaih0nsX3smjFAG0OFcbVek5fWVWp3tlNpdz44bjuBQByQD5as37Pf8z_LCKNTVlfq3c2iyT_d3i0-z67zJmcsp5SWxZQ9ySZMqTIXrGJPswktRJ2XomTPsxchbBLilKtJ9uM7rjBCNM6SLxAjehsI2I583WFrMJDG7NEHEx_IbHB2RS4H3B85DEfXmBBHvwTbIrny0Bm0MRBjSVwjuQCzHoHcuNFGSGcLDOj3eE4u0GyMXZ2T-dpYeJk962EI-OpxP8vu3l9-m3_Ir2-vPs7TYMuKqZgDZ1S1soRO9qymdQ8oS67Kqi85UlqBREWLtup4KYTkSSZSCClgyVUvkZ9lb0737ry7HzFEvTWhxWEAi24MmnFR0Lqoapbo67_oxo0-DZ1UWcjUj1Dit1rBgNrY3kUP7eFSPeNVraisJE9q-g-VVodb0zqLvUnnfxTIU0HrXQgee73zZgv-QTOqD6nrlLp-TF03mjF9TF0f-n57Kt2E6Pyvum1KwKfP73CPmnOdqKAJ1ye8NC618f-v_AR6AMCu</recordid><startdate>201305</startdate><enddate>201305</enddate><creator>Zhang, Jin-Tun</creator><creator>Xu, Bin</creator><creator>Li, Min</creator><general>The International Mountain Society</general><general>International Mountain Society</general><scope>JFNAL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BFMQW</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201305</creationdate><title>Vegetation Patterns and Species Diversity Along Elevational and Disturbance Gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China</title><author>Zhang, Jin-Tun ; Xu, Bin ; Li, Min</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b519t-a3109c84ad8f1606fae843945f43e005a8e902c5d347783c846fa2787ab39f8e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological diversity</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Forest ecology</topic><topic>Forest soils</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>human disturbance</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>MountainResearch</topic><topic>nature conservation</topic><topic>Plant communities</topic><topic>Plant ecology</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Sloping terrain</topic><topic>Species diversity</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>Systems knowledge</topic><topic>Tourism</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Vegetation classification</topic><topic>Vegetation dynamics</topic><topic>Vegetation structure</topic><topic>vegetation–environment relationships</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin-Tun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Min</creatorcontrib><collection>Jstor Journals Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Continental Europe Database</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Mountain research and development</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Jin-Tun</au><au>Xu, Bin</au><au>Li, Min</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vegetation Patterns and Species Diversity Along Elevational and Disturbance Gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China</atitle><jtitle>Mountain research and development</jtitle><date>2013-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>170</spage><epage>178</epage><pages>170-178</pages><issn>0276-4741</issn><eissn>1994-7151</eissn><abstract>Vegetation and species diversity patterns in conservation areas near big cities are poorly known. These are important recreational areas used also for educational purposes. Therefore, investigations of local diversity patterns are urgently needed. The Baihua Mountain Reserve is close to the city of Beijing and is the northern end of the Taihang mountain range in north China. Sixty-one 10 × 20 m quadrats of plant communities were established along gradients for elevation (750–2043 masl) and disturbance (mainly due to tourism and agriculture). Data on species composition and environmental variables were measured and recorded in each quadrat. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the relationships between vegetation and environmental variables, while species diversity indices were used to analyze the pattern of species diversity. Twelve plant communities were found, mostly secondary forests with some plantations. These communities are representative of the vegetation in the mountains west of Beijing. Each community had a different composition, structure, and environment. The variation of plant communities was significantly related to elevation and disturbance and related to litter thickness, slope, and aspect. The cumulative percentage variance of species–environment relationships for the first 4 CCA axes was 89.6%. Elevation and disturbance intensity were revealed as the factors that most influenced community distribution and species diversity. Species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness all showed a “humped” pattern along elevational and disturbance gradients—the highest species diversity appeared in the middle elevation and under medium disturbance intensity. Recommendations regarding management measures are made.</abstract><cop>Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Institute of Geography, University of Bern Hallerstrasse 10, CH–3012 Bern, Switzerland</cop><pub>The International Mountain Society</pub><doi>10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00042.1</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; BioOne Open Access Titles; Jstor Journals Open Access; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Biodiversity Biological diversity China Environment Flowers & plants Forest ecology Forest soils Grasslands human disturbance Hypotheses MountainResearch nature conservation Plant communities Plant ecology Plants Sloping terrain Species diversity Synecology Systems knowledge Tourism Trees Variables Vegetation Vegetation classification Vegetation dynamics Vegetation structure vegetation–environment relationships |
| title | Vegetation Patterns and Species Diversity Along Elevational and Disturbance Gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China |
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