The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs
Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes pig health, reduces performance variables, and results in a fatter carcass. Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-con...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 2013-05, Vol.91 (5), p.2108-2118 |
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| creator | Pearce, S C Gabler, N K Ross, J W Escobar, J Patience, J F Rhoads, R P Baumgard, L H |
| description | Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes pig health, reduces performance variables, and results in a fatter carcass. Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-controlled rooms in individual pens and exposed to 1) thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20°C; 35% to 50% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 18), 2) HS conditions (35°C; 20% to 35% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 24), or 3) pair-fed [PF in TN conditions (PFTN), n = 6, to eliminate confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake (FI)]. Pigs in the TN and HS conditions were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 d of environmental exposure, whereas the PFTN pigs were sacrificed after 7 d of experimental conditions. Individual rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiration rates (RR), and FI were determined daily. Pigs exposed to HS had an increase (P < 0.01) in Tr (39.3°C vs. 40.8°C) and a doubling in RR (54 vs. 107 breaths per minute). Heat-stressed pigs had an immediate (d 1) decrease (47%; P < 0.05) in FI, and this magnitude of reduction continued through d 7; by design the nutrient intake pattern for the PFTN controls mirrored the HS group. By d 7, the TN and HS pigs gained 7.76 and 1.65 kg BW, respectively, whereas the PFTN pigs lost 2.47 kg BW. Plasma insulin was increased (49%; P < 0.05) in d 7 HS pigs compared with PFTN controls. Compared with TN and HS pigs, on d 7 PFTN pigs had increased plasma NEFA concentrations (110%; P < 0.05). Compared with TN and PFTN controls, on d 7 circulating N(τ)-methylhistidine concentrations were increased (31%; P < 0.05) in HS pigs. In summary, despite similar nutrient intake, HS pigs gained more BW and had distinctly different postabsorptive bioenergetic variables compared with PFTN controls. Consequently, these heat-induced metabolic changes may in part explain the altered carcass phenotype observed in heat-stressed pigs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2527/jas.2012-5738 |
| format | Article |
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Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-controlled rooms in individual pens and exposed to 1) thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20°C; 35% to 50% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 18), 2) HS conditions (35°C; 20% to 35% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 24), or 3) pair-fed [PF in TN conditions (PFTN), n = 6, to eliminate confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake (FI)]. Pigs in the TN and HS conditions were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 d of environmental exposure, whereas the PFTN pigs were sacrificed after 7 d of experimental conditions. Individual rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiration rates (RR), and FI were determined daily. Pigs exposed to HS had an increase (P < 0.01) in Tr (39.3°C vs. 40.8°C) and a doubling in RR (54 vs. 107 breaths per minute). Heat-stressed pigs had an immediate (d 1) decrease (47%; P < 0.05) in FI, and this magnitude of reduction continued through d 7; by design the nutrient intake pattern for the PFTN controls mirrored the HS group. By d 7, the TN and HS pigs gained 7.76 and 1.65 kg BW, respectively, whereas the PFTN pigs lost 2.47 kg BW. Plasma insulin was increased (49%; P < 0.05) in d 7 HS pigs compared with PFTN controls. Compared with TN and HS pigs, on d 7 PFTN pigs had increased plasma NEFA concentrations (110%; P < 0.05). Compared with TN and PFTN controls, on d 7 circulating N(τ)-methylhistidine concentrations were increased (31%; P < 0.05) in HS pigs. In summary, despite similar nutrient intake, HS pigs gained more BW and had distinctly different postabsorptive bioenergetic variables compared with PFTN controls. Consequently, these heat-induced metabolic changes may in part explain the altered carcass phenotype observed in heat-stressed pigs.</description><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5738</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23463563</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Animal Feed - analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel - veterinary ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Response ; Homeostasis ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism ; Muscle Proteins - genetics ; Muscle Proteins - metabolism ; Nutritional Status ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary ; Sus scrofa - genetics ; Sus scrofa - growth & development ; Sus scrofa - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2013-05, Vol.91 (5), p.2108-2118</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463563$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pearce, S C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabler, N K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, J W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escobar, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patience, J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhoads, R P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baumgard, L H</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes pig health, reduces performance variables, and results in a fatter carcass. Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-controlled rooms in individual pens and exposed to 1) thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20°C; 35% to 50% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 18), 2) HS conditions (35°C; 20% to 35% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 24), or 3) pair-fed [PF in TN conditions (PFTN), n = 6, to eliminate confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake (FI)]. Pigs in the TN and HS conditions were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 d of environmental exposure, whereas the PFTN pigs were sacrificed after 7 d of experimental conditions. Individual rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiration rates (RR), and FI were determined daily. Pigs exposed to HS had an increase (P < 0.01) in Tr (39.3°C vs. 40.8°C) and a doubling in RR (54 vs. 107 breaths per minute). Heat-stressed pigs had an immediate (d 1) decrease (47%; P < 0.05) in FI, and this magnitude of reduction continued through d 7; by design the nutrient intake pattern for the PFTN controls mirrored the HS group. By d 7, the TN and HS pigs gained 7.76 and 1.65 kg BW, respectively, whereas the PFTN pigs lost 2.47 kg BW. Plasma insulin was increased (49%; P < 0.05) in d 7 HS pigs compared with PFTN controls. Compared with TN and HS pigs, on d 7 PFTN pigs had increased plasma NEFA concentrations (110%; P < 0.05). Compared with TN and PFTN controls, on d 7 circulating N(τ)-methylhistidine concentrations were increased (31%; P < 0.05) in HS pigs. In summary, despite similar nutrient intake, HS pigs gained more BW and had distinctly different postabsorptive bioenergetic variables compared with PFTN controls. Consequently, these heat-induced metabolic changes may in part explain the altered carcass phenotype observed in heat-stressed pigs.</description><subject>Animal Feed - analysis</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel - veterinary</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Heat-Shock Response</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Muscle Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary</subject><subject>Sus scrofa - genetics</subject><subject>Sus scrofa - growth & development</subject><subject>Sus scrofa - physiology</subject><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo1kM1LAzEUxIMgtlaPXiVHL1v3JU2aHKVoFQq91PPydvPSpuyXmyzif2-LFQbmMD-GYRh7gHwulFg-HzHORQ4iU0tprtgUlFCZBC0n7DbGY36KlFU3bCLkQkul5ZRtdwfi5D1VKfLO8wNh4jENFCPH1vG-xpbOQTumIaTQtfykhhKWXR1iw0PL90P3Hdo978M-3rFrj3Wk-4vP2Ofb6271nm2264_VyybrBUDKyCgD3iKWsEQqReWURXC-FKbKtbbaOuOVzAEdGElaLbQhh6W2C2MJvZyxp7_efui-RoqpaEKsqD7P7cZYgNQqV1KDOKGPF3QsG3JFP4QGh5_i_wT5C-nOXK0</recordid><startdate>201305</startdate><enddate>201305</enddate><creator>Pearce, S C</creator><creator>Gabler, N K</creator><creator>Ross, J W</creator><creator>Escobar, J</creator><creator>Patience, J F</creator><creator>Rhoads, R P</creator><creator>Baumgard, L H</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201305</creationdate><title>The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs</title><author>Pearce, S C ; Gabler, N K ; Ross, J W ; Escobar, J ; Patience, J F ; Rhoads, R P ; Baumgard, L H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p211t-e8581f9aab17aeb2cd59a1dfb28c066969d8f5301ad183e65468edab69489eaf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animal Feed - analysis</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel - veterinary</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Heat-Shock Response</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Muscle Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary</topic><topic>Sus scrofa - genetics</topic><topic>Sus scrofa - growth & development</topic><topic>Sus scrofa - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pearce, S C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabler, N K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, J W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escobar, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patience, J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhoads, R P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baumgard, L H</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pearce, S C</au><au>Gabler, N K</au><au>Ross, J W</au><au>Escobar, J</au><au>Patience, J F</au><au>Rhoads, R P</au><au>Baumgard, L H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2013-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2108</spage><epage>2118</epage><pages>2108-2118</pages><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract>Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes pig health, reduces performance variables, and results in a fatter carcass. Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-controlled rooms in individual pens and exposed to 1) thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20°C; 35% to 50% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 18), 2) HS conditions (35°C; 20% to 35% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 24), or 3) pair-fed [PF in TN conditions (PFTN), n = 6, to eliminate confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake (FI)]. Pigs in the TN and HS conditions were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 d of environmental exposure, whereas the PFTN pigs were sacrificed after 7 d of experimental conditions. Individual rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiration rates (RR), and FI were determined daily. Pigs exposed to HS had an increase (P < 0.01) in Tr (39.3°C vs. 40.8°C) and a doubling in RR (54 vs. 107 breaths per minute). Heat-stressed pigs had an immediate (d 1) decrease (47%; P < 0.05) in FI, and this magnitude of reduction continued through d 7; by design the nutrient intake pattern for the PFTN controls mirrored the HS group. By d 7, the TN and HS pigs gained 7.76 and 1.65 kg BW, respectively, whereas the PFTN pigs lost 2.47 kg BW. Plasma insulin was increased (49%; P < 0.05) in d 7 HS pigs compared with PFTN controls. Compared with TN and HS pigs, on d 7 PFTN pigs had increased plasma NEFA concentrations (110%; P < 0.05). Compared with TN and PFTN controls, on d 7 circulating N(τ)-methylhistidine concentrations were increased (31%; P < 0.05) in HS pigs. In summary, despite similar nutrient intake, HS pigs gained more BW and had distinctly different postabsorptive bioenergetic variables compared with PFTN controls. Consequently, these heat-induced metabolic changes may in part explain the altered carcass phenotype observed in heat-stressed pigs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>23463563</pmid><doi>10.2527/jas.2012-5738</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Animal Feed - analysis Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animals Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel - veterinary Energy Metabolism Feeding Behavior Female Gene Expression Regulation Heat-Shock Response Homeostasis HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism Muscle Proteins - genetics Muscle Proteins - metabolism Nutritional Status Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary Sus scrofa - genetics Sus scrofa - growth & development Sus scrofa - physiology |
| title | The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs |
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