The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): Background and Findings from Two Samples of Clergy
This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI). The five-item index allows researchers to measure the frequency that clergy, who traditionally have not been the subject of occupational health studies, experience occupational distress. We assess...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of religion and health 2013-06, Vol.52 (2), p.397-407 |
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| container_title | Journal of religion and health |
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| creator | Frenk, Steven M. Mustillo, Sarah A. Hooten, Elizabeth G. Meador, Keith G. |
| description | This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI). The five-item index allows researchers to measure the frequency that clergy, who traditionally have not been the subject of occupational health studies, experience occupational distress. We assess the reliability and validity of the index using two samples of clergy: a nationally representative sample of clergy and a sample of clergy from nine Protestant denominations. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's scores are generated. Construct validity is measured by examining the association between CODI scores and depressive symptoms while controlling for demographic, ministerial, and health variables. In both samples, the five items of the CODI load onto a single factor and the Cronbach's alpha scores are robust. The regression model indicates that a high score on the CODI (i.e., more frequent occupational distress) is positively associated with having depressive symptoms within the last 4 weeks. The CODI can be used to identify clergy who frequently experience occupational distress and to understand how occupational distress affects clergy's health, ministerial career, and the functioning of their congregation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10943-011-9486-4 |
| format | Article |
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The five-item index allows researchers to measure the frequency that clergy, who traditionally have not been the subject of occupational health studies, experience occupational distress. We assess the reliability and validity of the index using two samples of clergy: a nationally representative sample of clergy and a sample of clergy from nine Protestant denominations. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's scores are generated. Construct validity is measured by examining the association between CODI scores and depressive symptoms while controlling for demographic, ministerial, and health variables. In both samples, the five items of the CODI load onto a single factor and the Cronbach's alpha scores are robust. The regression model indicates that a high score on the CODI (i.e., more frequent occupational distress) is positively associated with having depressive symptoms within the last 4 weeks. The CODI can be used to identify clergy who frequently experience occupational distress and to understand how occupational distress affects clergy's health, ministerial career, and the functioning of their congregation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4197</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6571</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10943-011-9486-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21409478</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer Science+Business Media</publisher><subject>Aging ; Clergy ; Clergy - psychology ; Clergy - statistics & numerical data ; Clinical Psychology ; Critical loading ; Datasets ; Demography ; Depression - diagnosis ; Depression - psychology ; Factor analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mental depression ; Middle Aged ; Occupational health ; Occupational Health - statistics & numerical data ; Original Paper ; Proportions ; Protestantism ; Protestantism - psychology ; Public Health ; Pulpits ; Regression analysis ; Religious buildings ; Religious Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States</subject><ispartof>Journal of religion and health, 2013-06, Vol.52 (2), p.397-407</ispartof><rights>2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-20a83d241cd722518f65357c286fd04110843e41d4b1e21e872504fbcb69278b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-20a83d241cd722518f65357c286fd04110843e41d4b1e21e872504fbcb69278b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24484992$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24484992$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21409478$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Frenk, Steven M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mustillo, Sarah A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooten, Elizabeth G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meador, Keith G.</creatorcontrib><title>The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): Background and Findings from Two Samples of Clergy</title><title>Journal of religion and health</title><addtitle>J Relig Health</addtitle><addtitle>J Relig Health</addtitle><description>This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI). The five-item index allows researchers to measure the frequency that clergy, who traditionally have not been the subject of occupational health studies, experience occupational distress. We assess the reliability and validity of the index using two samples of clergy: a nationally representative sample of clergy and a sample of clergy from nine Protestant denominations. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's scores are generated. Construct validity is measured by examining the association between CODI scores and depressive symptoms while controlling for demographic, ministerial, and health variables. In both samples, the five items of the CODI load onto a single factor and the Cronbach's alpha scores are robust. The regression model indicates that a high score on the CODI (i.e., more frequent occupational distress) is positively associated with having depressive symptoms within the last 4 weeks. The CODI can be used to identify clergy who frequently experience occupational distress and to understand how occupational distress affects clergy's health, ministerial career, and the functioning of their congregation.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Clergy</subject><subject>Clergy - psychology</subject><subject>Clergy - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Clinical Psychology</subject><subject>Critical loading</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Depression - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depression - psychology</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Occupational Health - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Proportions</subject><subject>Protestantism</subject><subject>Protestantism - psychology</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Pulpits</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Religious buildings</subject><subject>Religious Studies</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0022-4197</issn><issn>1573-6571</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>88H</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2N</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1DAURi0EokPhAViALLEpi8C9thPb7GBKYaRKs2BYW47jDBmSeGongr49rjL8iAVYuvLinu9Y8kfIU4RXCCBfJwQteAGIhRaqKsQ9ssJS8qIqJd4nKwDGCoFanpFHKR0AQFVaPiRnDEVOSrUidvfF03Xv4_6Wbp2bj3bqwmh7etmlKfqU6GZs_Hd6sd5ebl6-oe-s-7qPYR4bavNcdWPTjftE2xgGuvsW6Cc7HHufaGhP2sfkQWv75J-c7nPy-er9bv2xuN5-2KzfXhdOMDkVDKziDRPoGslYiaqtSl5Kx1TVNiAQQQnuBTaiRs_QK8lKEG3t6kozqWp-Ti4W7zGGm9mnyQxdcr7v7ejDnAzyMpMVz-f_KKskZwogoy_-Qg9hjvmDFoqjVFpnChfKxZBS9K05xm6w8dYgmLuqzFKVyVWZu6qMyJnnJ_NcD775lfjZTQbYAqS8Gvc-_vH0P6zPltAhTSH-lgqhhNaM_wBRnKQ_</recordid><startdate>20130601</startdate><enddate>20130601</enddate><creator>Frenk, Steven M.</creator><creator>Mustillo, Sarah A.</creator><creator>Hooten, Elizabeth G.</creator><creator>Meador, Keith G.</creator><general>Springer Science+Business Media</general><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88H</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GB0</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2N</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130601</creationdate><title>The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): Background and Findings from Two Samples of Clergy</title><author>Frenk, Steven M. ; Mustillo, Sarah A. ; Hooten, Elizabeth G. ; Meador, Keith G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-20a83d241cd722518f65357c286fd04110843e41d4b1e21e872504fbcb69278b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Clergy</topic><topic>Clergy - psychology</topic><topic>Clergy - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Clinical Psychology</topic><topic>Critical loading</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Depression - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depression - psychology</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Factor Analysis, Statistical</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Occupational health</topic><topic>Occupational Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Proportions</topic><topic>Protestantism</topic><topic>Protestantism - psychology</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Pulpits</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Religious buildings</topic><topic>Religious Studies</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - 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Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Journal of religion and health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Frenk, Steven M.</au><au>Mustillo, Sarah A.</au><au>Hooten, Elizabeth G.</au><au>Meador, Keith G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): Background and Findings from Two Samples of Clergy</atitle><jtitle>Journal of religion and health</jtitle><stitle>J Relig Health</stitle><addtitle>J Relig Health</addtitle><date>2013-06-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>397</spage><epage>407</epage><pages>397-407</pages><issn>0022-4197</issn><eissn>1573-6571</eissn><abstract>This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI). The five-item index allows researchers to measure the frequency that clergy, who traditionally have not been the subject of occupational health studies, experience occupational distress. We assess the reliability and validity of the index using two samples of clergy: a nationally representative sample of clergy and a sample of clergy from nine Protestant denominations. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's scores are generated. Construct validity is measured by examining the association between CODI scores and depressive symptoms while controlling for demographic, ministerial, and health variables. In both samples, the five items of the CODI load onto a single factor and the Cronbach's alpha scores are robust. The regression model indicates that a high score on the CODI (i.e., more frequent occupational distress) is positively associated with having depressive symptoms within the last 4 weeks. The CODI can be used to identify clergy who frequently experience occupational distress and to understand how occupational distress affects clergy's health, ministerial career, and the functioning of their congregation.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer Science+Business Media</pub><pmid>21409478</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10943-011-9486-4</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of religion and health, 2013-06, Vol.52 (2), p.397-407 |
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| subjects | Aging Clergy Clergy - psychology Clergy - statistics & numerical data Clinical Psychology Critical loading Datasets Demography Depression - diagnosis Depression - psychology Factor analysis Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental depression Middle Aged Occupational health Occupational Health - statistics & numerical data Original Paper Proportions Protestantism Protestantism - psychology Public Health Pulpits Regression analysis Religious buildings Religious Studies Reproducibility of Results Stress Stress, Psychological - diagnosis Stress, Psychological - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires United States |
| title | The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): Background and Findings from Two Samples of Clergy |
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