Dust in HTRs: Its nature and improving prediction of its resuspension
The HTR primary-system environment comprises nuclear graphites, alloys, dust (primarily carbonaceous) and high-purity helium. The amount of carbonaceous dust produced in a pebble-bed system would be considerably greater than one using a prismatic core with a significant contribution arising from the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nuclear engineering and design 2012-10, Vol.251, p.301-305 |
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| creator | Kissane, M.P. Zhang, F. Reeks, M.W. |
| description | The HTR primary-system environment comprises nuclear graphites, alloys, dust (primarily carbonaceous) and high-purity helium. The amount of carbonaceous dust produced in a pebble-bed system would be considerably greater than one using a prismatic core with a significant contribution arising from the partially-graphitized binder of the pebbles. The dust is very fine, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.028 |
| format | Article |
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The amount of carbonaceous dust produced in a pebble-bed system would be considerably greater than one using a prismatic core with a significant contribution arising from the partially-graphitized binder of the pebbles. The dust is very fine, <10μm in size. Experience with HTRs shows the primary system to be contaminated by the isotopes 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 110mAg, 131I, 135Xe, 85Kr and tritium at a level representing an occupational-health issue rather than a safety issue. However, strong sorption of caesium, strontium, iodine and tritium onto carbonaceous dust has been observed. Hence, the extent to which deposited dust can be resuspended during a depressurization accident is a safety issue since the dust comprises the main vector for release of radioactivity into the confinement. For fine dust on a surface, the principal force keeping it in place arises from inter-molecular (van der Waals) forces while aerodynamic forces, mainly drag, act to remove it. The reference model chosen here for improving resuspension predictions is the so-called Rock’n’Roll model. This model is based on a statistical approach leading to a resuspension rate for the escape of particles from a potential well via the action of the fluctuating aerodynamic force caused by turbulence. The as-published Rock’n’Roll model assumes that the fluctuations of the aerodynamic force obey a Gaussian distribution. Here, we introduce calculated statistics for the fluctuations taken from a large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow (work is in progress on generating these statistics using direct numerical simulation of turbulence). The overall influence of more-realistic (non-Gaussian) forces on the resuspension rate is found to be an increase in short-term resuspension. Given this and the fact that the adhesive force is based on an empirical correlation, work has started on developing specific modelling for multi-layer deposits.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0029-5493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-759X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.028</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><ispartof>Nuclear engineering and design, 2012-10, Vol.251, p.301-305</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-d28bf782385d84196ff50184bd68c8a396765289a4dedee8a7dd0c9ef4cc085f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-d28bf782385d84196ff50184bd68c8a396765289a4dedee8a7dd0c9ef4cc085f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.028$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kissane, M.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reeks, M.W.</creatorcontrib><title>Dust in HTRs: Its nature and improving prediction of its resuspension</title><title>Nuclear engineering and design</title><description>The HTR primary-system environment comprises nuclear graphites, alloys, dust (primarily carbonaceous) and high-purity helium. The amount of carbonaceous dust produced in a pebble-bed system would be considerably greater than one using a prismatic core with a significant contribution arising from the partially-graphitized binder of the pebbles. The dust is very fine, <10μm in size. Experience with HTRs shows the primary system to be contaminated by the isotopes 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 110mAg, 131I, 135Xe, 85Kr and tritium at a level representing an occupational-health issue rather than a safety issue. However, strong sorption of caesium, strontium, iodine and tritium onto carbonaceous dust has been observed. Hence, the extent to which deposited dust can be resuspended during a depressurization accident is a safety issue since the dust comprises the main vector for release of radioactivity into the confinement. For fine dust on a surface, the principal force keeping it in place arises from inter-molecular (van der Waals) forces while aerodynamic forces, mainly drag, act to remove it. The reference model chosen here for improving resuspension predictions is the so-called Rock’n’Roll model. This model is based on a statistical approach leading to a resuspension rate for the escape of particles from a potential well via the action of the fluctuating aerodynamic force caused by turbulence. The as-published Rock’n’Roll model assumes that the fluctuations of the aerodynamic force obey a Gaussian distribution. Here, we introduce calculated statistics for the fluctuations taken from a large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow (work is in progress on generating these statistics using direct numerical simulation of turbulence). The overall influence of more-realistic (non-Gaussian) forces on the resuspension rate is found to be an increase in short-term resuspension. 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The amount of carbonaceous dust produced in a pebble-bed system would be considerably greater than one using a prismatic core with a significant contribution arising from the partially-graphitized binder of the pebbles. The dust is very fine, <10μm in size. Experience with HTRs shows the primary system to be contaminated by the isotopes 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 110mAg, 131I, 135Xe, 85Kr and tritium at a level representing an occupational-health issue rather than a safety issue. However, strong sorption of caesium, strontium, iodine and tritium onto carbonaceous dust has been observed. Hence, the extent to which deposited dust can be resuspended during a depressurization accident is a safety issue since the dust comprises the main vector for release of radioactivity into the confinement. For fine dust on a surface, the principal force keeping it in place arises from inter-molecular (van der Waals) forces while aerodynamic forces, mainly drag, act to remove it. The reference model chosen here for improving resuspension predictions is the so-called Rock’n’Roll model. This model is based on a statistical approach leading to a resuspension rate for the escape of particles from a potential well via the action of the fluctuating aerodynamic force caused by turbulence. The as-published Rock’n’Roll model assumes that the fluctuations of the aerodynamic force obey a Gaussian distribution. Here, we introduce calculated statistics for the fluctuations taken from a large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow (work is in progress on generating these statistics using direct numerical simulation of turbulence). The overall influence of more-realistic (non-Gaussian) forces on the resuspension rate is found to be an increase in short-term resuspension. Given this and the fact that the adhesive force is based on an empirical correlation, work has started on developing specific modelling for multi-layer deposits.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.028</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| title | Dust in HTRs: Its nature and improving prediction of its resuspension |
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