Characterization of Dietary Protein among Older Adults in the United States: Amount, Animal Sources, and Meal Patterns
Abstract Although protein intakes in the United States are widely regarded as adequate, attention has been given to potential inadequacy of recommendations or patterns of intake in older adults. The objectives of this research were to update and expand estimates of protein intake and adequacy in old...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2013-06, Vol.113 (6), p.809-815 |
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| creator | Berner, Louise A., PhD Becker, Gabriel Wise, Maxwell Doi, Jimmy, PhD |
| description | Abstract Although protein intakes in the United States are widely regarded as adequate, attention has been given to potential inadequacy of recommendations or patterns of intake in older adults. The objectives of this research were to update and expand estimates of protein intake and adequacy in older US adults, with additional focus on contributions of animal source protein. Data were obtained from 1,768 adults aged 51 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, and US Department of Agriculture Standard Reference datasets. Estimates of inadequate intakes ranged from 60% of protein intake, on average. In regression models with energy intake, age, sex, ethnicity, and education as covariables, percent protein from animal sources predicted protein intake and odds of meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances ( P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.014 |
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The objectives of this research were to update and expand estimates of protein intake and adequacy in older US adults, with additional focus on contributions of animal source protein. Data were obtained from 1,768 adults aged 51 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, and US Department of Agriculture Standard Reference datasets. Estimates of inadequate intakes ranged from <1% to 5% of men aged 51 to 70 years to 9% to 24% of women aged ≥71 years, depending on whether adjusted or actual body weights were used to calculate grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Mean usual protein intakes were 94±22 g/day and 56±13 g/day in those same groups, with 15.3%±2.3% and 15.4%±2.4% of energy from protein. Animal sources provided >60% of protein intake, on average. In regression models with energy intake, age, sex, ethnicity, and education as covariables, percent protein from animal sources predicted protein intake and odds of meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances ( P <0.001). Consumption of total and animal-source protein was skewed to the evening meal. Findings highlight the influence of body weight choice (actual vs adjusted) on estimates of protein inadequacy, and suggest the need for careful consideration of protein source in adults at risk for inadequacy. Research is needed to establish optimal protein intakes, sources, and patterns.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2212-2672</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2212-2680</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23491327</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Aged ; animal source protein ; animals ; body weight ; Body Weight - physiology ; Dairy Products - statistics & numerical data ; data collection ; Diet - statistics & numerical data ; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage ; education ; elderly ; energy intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Meat - statistics & numerical data ; men ; Middle Aged ; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; nutrient databanks ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Requirements ; protein intake ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; regression analysis ; risk ; Seafood - statistics & numerical data ; United States ; USDA ; women</subject><ispartof>Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013-06, Vol.113 (6), p.809-815</ispartof><rights>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-30198cc0e40f0dde5ed4df43fab1a453210be89e1ddd8bb4189f3df22bde11d73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-30198cc0e40f0dde5ed4df43fab1a453210be89e1ddd8bb4189f3df22bde11d73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23491327$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Berner, Louise A., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becker, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wise, Maxwell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Jimmy, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Dietary Protein among Older Adults in the United States: Amount, Animal Sources, and Meal Patterns</title><title>Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</title><addtitle>J Acad Nutr Diet</addtitle><description>Abstract Although protein intakes in the United States are widely regarded as adequate, attention has been given to potential inadequacy of recommendations or patterns of intake in older adults. The objectives of this research were to update and expand estimates of protein intake and adequacy in older US adults, with additional focus on contributions of animal source protein. Data were obtained from 1,768 adults aged 51 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, and US Department of Agriculture Standard Reference datasets. Estimates of inadequate intakes ranged from <1% to 5% of men aged 51 to 70 years to 9% to 24% of women aged ≥71 years, depending on whether adjusted or actual body weights were used to calculate grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Mean usual protein intakes were 94±22 g/day and 56±13 g/day in those same groups, with 15.3%±2.3% and 15.4%±2.4% of energy from protein. Animal sources provided >60% of protein intake, on average. In regression models with energy intake, age, sex, ethnicity, and education as covariables, percent protein from animal sources predicted protein intake and odds of meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances ( P <0.001). Consumption of total and animal-source protein was skewed to the evening meal. Findings highlight the influence of body weight choice (actual vs adjusted) on estimates of protein inadequacy, and suggest the need for careful consideration of protein source in adults at risk for inadequacy. Research is needed to establish optimal protein intakes, sources, and patterns.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>animal source protein</subject><subject>animals</subject><subject>body weight</subject><subject>Body Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Dairy Products - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>data collection</subject><subject>Diet - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>education</subject><subject>elderly</subject><subject>energy intake</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Meat - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey</subject><subject>nationalities and ethnic groups</subject><subject>nutrient databanks</subject><subject>Nutrition Assessment</subject><subject>Nutrition Policy</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Nutritional Requirements</subject><subject>protein intake</subject><subject>Recommended Dietary Allowances</subject><subject>regression analysis</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Seafood - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>USDA</subject><subject>women</subject><issn>2212-2672</issn><issn>2212-2680</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kUFv3CAQha2qVROl-QM5tBx7yG4ZwGu7h0qrbdJWSpRImz0jbIYE14YEcKTtrw_WpkEjgUZvHvC9ojgDugQKq2_9sldOLxkFvqSQS7wrjhkDtmCrmr5_O1fsqDiNsad5rSjnNf1YHDEuGuCsOi6eNw8qqC5hsP9Ust4Rb8hPi0mFPbkNPqF1RI3e3ZObQWMgaz0NKZLcTQ9Ids4m1GSbVML4naxHP7l0TtbOjmogWz-FDuM5yS8l15g7tyrlq1z8VHwwaoh4-rqfFLvLi7vN78XVza8_m_XVohOiTgtOoam7jqKghmqNJWqhjeBGtaBEyRnQFusGQWtdt62AujFcG8ZajQC64ifF14PvY_BPE8YkRxs7HAbl0E9RAi-5qJrMI0vZQdoFH2NAIx9D_kXYS6ByRi57OSOXM3JJIdc89PnVf2pH1G8j_wFnwZeDwCgv1X2wUe622aHMcVRNXbKs-HFQYObwbDHIbrDOdmr4i3uMfWboMiIJMjJJ5XbOdY4VeLZoVjV_AbI8nFM</recordid><startdate>20130601</startdate><enddate>20130601</enddate><creator>Berner, Louise A., PhD</creator><creator>Becker, Gabriel</creator><creator>Wise, Maxwell</creator><creator>Doi, Jimmy, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130601</creationdate><title>Characterization of Dietary Protein among Older Adults in the United States: Amount, Animal Sources, and Meal Patterns</title><author>Berner, Louise A., PhD ; Becker, Gabriel ; Wise, Maxwell ; Doi, Jimmy, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-30198cc0e40f0dde5ed4df43fab1a453210be89e1ddd8bb4189f3df22bde11d73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>animal source protein</topic><topic>animals</topic><topic>body weight</topic><topic>Body Weight - physiology</topic><topic>Dairy Products - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>data collection</topic><topic>Diet - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>education</topic><topic>elderly</topic><topic>energy intake</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Meat - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>men</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey</topic><topic>nationalities and ethnic groups</topic><topic>nutrient databanks</topic><topic>Nutrition Assessment</topic><topic>Nutrition Policy</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>Nutritional Requirements</topic><topic>protein intake</topic><topic>Recommended Dietary Allowances</topic><topic>regression analysis</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Seafood - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>USDA</topic><topic>women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Berner, Louise A., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becker, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wise, Maxwell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Jimmy, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Berner, Louise A., PhD</au><au>Becker, Gabriel</au><au>Wise, Maxwell</au><au>Doi, Jimmy, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Dietary Protein among Older Adults in the United States: Amount, Animal Sources, and Meal Patterns</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</jtitle><addtitle>J Acad Nutr Diet</addtitle><date>2013-06-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>113</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>809</spage><epage>815</epage><pages>809-815</pages><issn>2212-2672</issn><eissn>2212-2680</eissn><abstract>Abstract Although protein intakes in the United States are widely regarded as adequate, attention has been given to potential inadequacy of recommendations or patterns of intake in older adults. The objectives of this research were to update and expand estimates of protein intake and adequacy in older US adults, with additional focus on contributions of animal source protein. Data were obtained from 1,768 adults aged 51 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, and US Department of Agriculture Standard Reference datasets. Estimates of inadequate intakes ranged from <1% to 5% of men aged 51 to 70 years to 9% to 24% of women aged ≥71 years, depending on whether adjusted or actual body weights were used to calculate grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Mean usual protein intakes were 94±22 g/day and 56±13 g/day in those same groups, with 15.3%±2.3% and 15.4%±2.4% of energy from protein. Animal sources provided >60% of protein intake, on average. In regression models with energy intake, age, sex, ethnicity, and education as covariables, percent protein from animal sources predicted protein intake and odds of meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances ( P <0.001). Consumption of total and animal-source protein was skewed to the evening meal. Findings highlight the influence of body weight choice (actual vs adjusted) on estimates of protein inadequacy, and suggest the need for careful consideration of protein source in adults at risk for inadequacy. Research is needed to establish optimal protein intakes, sources, and patterns.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>23491327</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.014</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged animal source protein animals body weight Body Weight - physiology Dairy Products - statistics & numerical data data collection Diet - statistics & numerical data Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage education elderly energy intake Feeding Behavior Female Gastroenterology and Hepatology Humans Internal Medicine Male Meat - statistics & numerical data men Middle Aged National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey nationalities and ethnic groups nutrient databanks Nutrition Assessment Nutrition Policy Nutrition Surveys Nutritional Requirements protein intake Recommended Dietary Allowances regression analysis risk Seafood - statistics & numerical data United States USDA women |
| title | Characterization of Dietary Protein among Older Adults in the United States: Amount, Animal Sources, and Meal Patterns |
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