Racial Differences and Correlates of Potential Adoption of Preexposure Prophylaxis: Results of a National Survey

OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between sociodemographic factors, sexual behaviors, and social factors on potential uptake of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among African American and White adult women in the United States. METHODS:Participants were recruited through a nationally representative, random-digit dial telephone household survey. Participants comprised a nationally representative, random sample of unmarried African American (N = 1042) and White women (N = 411) aged 20–44 years. Interviews were conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing technology. Bivariate and multivariate analyses examined the relationship between sociodemographics, sexual behaviors, and social influences on womenʼs potential uptake of PrEP. RESULTS:In multivariate analyses, women with lower educational status, greater lifetime sexual partners, provider recommendations supportive of PrEP, and peer norms supportive of PrEP use were more likely to report potential PrEP uptake. Racial analyses revealed that compared with White women, African American women were significantly more likely to report potential use of PrEP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76, P ≤ 0.001], more likely to report use of PrEP if recommended by a health-care provider (aOR = 1.65, P ≤ 0.001), less likely to report that they would be embarrassed to ask a health-care provider for PrEP (aOR = 0.59, P ≤ 0.05), and more likely to report use of PrEP if their female friends also used PrEP (aOR = 2.2, P ≤ 0.001). The potential cost for PrEP was identified as a barrier to adoption by both African American and White women. CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggest that women at increased risk for HIV, including those with less education and greater number of sexual partners, may be more likely to use PrEP, although cost may serve as a barrier.