Developmental biomechanics of the human cervical spine
Abstract Head and neck injuries, the leading cause of death for children in the U.S., are difficult to diagnose, treat, and prevent because of a critical void in our understanding of the biomechanical response of the immature cervical spine. The objective of this study was to investigate the functio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of biomechanics 2013-04, Vol.46 (6), p.1147-1154 |
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| creator | Nuckley, David J Linders, David R Ching, Randal P |
| description | Abstract Head and neck injuries, the leading cause of death for children in the U.S., are difficult to diagnose, treat, and prevent because of a critical void in our understanding of the biomechanical response of the immature cervical spine. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional and failure biomechanics of the cervical spine across multiple axes of loading throughout maturation. A correlational study design was used to examine the relationships governing spinal maturation and biomechanical flexibility curves and tolerance data using a cadaver human in vitro model. Eleven human cadaver cervical spines from across the developmental spectrum (2–28 years) were dissected into segments (C1-C2, C3-C5, and C6-C7) for biomechanical testing. Non-destructive flexibility tests were performed in tension, compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. After measuring their intact biomechanical responses, each segment group was failed in different modes to measure the tissue tolerance in tension (C1-C2), compression (C3-C5), and extension (C5-C6). Classical injury patterns were observed in all of the specimens tested. Both the functional ( p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.01.005 |
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The objective of this study was to investigate the functional and failure biomechanics of the cervical spine across multiple axes of loading throughout maturation. A correlational study design was used to examine the relationships governing spinal maturation and biomechanical flexibility curves and tolerance data using a cadaver human in vitro model. Eleven human cadaver cervical spines from across the developmental spectrum (2–28 years) were dissected into segments (C1-C2, C3-C5, and C6-C7) for biomechanical testing. Non-destructive flexibility tests were performed in tension, compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. After measuring their intact biomechanical responses, each segment group was failed in different modes to measure the tissue tolerance in tension (C1-C2), compression (C3-C5), and extension (C5-C6). Classical injury patterns were observed in all of the specimens tested. Both the functional ( p <0.014) and failure ( p <0.0001) mechanics exhibited significant relationships with age. Nonlinear flexibility curves described the functional response of the cervical spine throughout maturation and elucidated age, spinal level, and mode of loading specificity. These data support our understanding of the child cervical spine from a developmental perspective and facilitate the generation of injury prevention or management schema for the mitigation of child spine injuries and their deleterious effects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9290</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2380</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.01.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23415075</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aging - physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomechanics ; Cancer ; Cervical spine ; Cervical Vertebrae - physiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Compressive Strength ; Computer Simulation ; Failure ; Female ; Flexibility ; Human ; Humans ; Injuries ; Injury prevention ; Injury tolerance ; Male ; Maturation ; Mechanics ; Pediatric injury ; Pediatrics ; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; Spine ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of biomechanics, 2013-04, Vol.46 (6), p.1147-1154</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-c2c7f91f3fcf705221956902f836d4427ea7be124b22e7b917636450047f07363</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-c2c7f91f3fcf705221956902f836d4427ea7be124b22e7b917636450047f07363</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1318798567?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415075$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nuckley, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linders, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ching, Randal P</creatorcontrib><title>Developmental biomechanics of the human cervical spine</title><title>Journal of biomechanics</title><addtitle>J Biomech</addtitle><description>Abstract Head and neck injuries, the leading cause of death for children in the U.S., are difficult to diagnose, treat, and prevent because of a critical void in our understanding of the biomechanical response of the immature cervical spine. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional and failure biomechanics of the cervical spine across multiple axes of loading throughout maturation. A correlational study design was used to examine the relationships governing spinal maturation and biomechanical flexibility curves and tolerance data using a cadaver human in vitro model. Eleven human cadaver cervical spines from across the developmental spectrum (2–28 years) were dissected into segments (C1-C2, C3-C5, and C6-C7) for biomechanical testing. Non-destructive flexibility tests were performed in tension, compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. After measuring their intact biomechanical responses, each segment group was failed in different modes to measure the tissue tolerance in tension (C1-C2), compression (C3-C5), and extension (C5-C6). Classical injury patterns were observed in all of the specimens tested. Both the functional ( p <0.014) and failure ( p <0.0001) mechanics exhibited significant relationships with age. Nonlinear flexibility curves described the functional response of the cervical spine throughout maturation and elucidated age, spinal level, and mode of loading specificity. These data support our understanding of the child cervical spine from a developmental perspective and facilitate the generation of injury prevention or management schema for the mitigation of child spine injuries and their deleterious effects.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cervical spine</subject><subject>Cervical Vertebrae - physiology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Compressive Strength</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>Failure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Injury prevention</subject><subject>Injury tolerance</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maturation</subject><subject>Mechanics</subject><subject>Pediatric injury</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Tensile Strength</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0021-9290</issn><issn>1873-2380</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktr3DAUhUVpaSaT_oVg6KYbu1cPS9amtOTVQqCLJpCdsDVXjFw_ppI9kH9fOTNpIZus7ua753LPOYScUygoUPm5LdrGjz3abcGA8gJoAVC-IStaKZ4zXsFbsgJgNNdMwwk5jbEFACWUfk9OGBe0BFWuiLzEPXbjrsdhqrvsqFkP3sZsdNm0xWw79_WQWQx7bxMSd37AM_LO1V3ED8e5JvfXV3cX3_Pbnzc_Lr7d5lZUYsots8pp6rizTkHJGNWl1MBcxeVGCKawVg1SJhrGUDWaKsmlKAGEcqC45Gvy6aC7C-OfGeNkeh8tdl094DhHQ7nQgpciWfA6SiupuUr8mnx8gbbjHIb0yBOldFVKlSh5oGwYYwzozC74vg6PhoJZQjCteQ7BLCEYoCaFkBbPj_Jz0-Pm39qz6wn4egAwWbf3GEy0HgeLGx_QTmYz-tdvfHkhYTs_LAH9xkeM__8xkRkwv5YqLE2gPLWA8wf-F6RIrMU</recordid><startdate>20130405</startdate><enddate>20130405</enddate><creator>Nuckley, David J</creator><creator>Linders, David R</creator><creator>Ching, Randal P</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130405</creationdate><title>Developmental biomechanics of the human cervical spine</title><author>Nuckley, David J ; Linders, David R ; Ching, Randal P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-c2c7f91f3fcf705221956902f836d4427ea7be124b22e7b917636450047f07363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Biomechanics</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cervical spine</topic><topic>Cervical Vertebrae - physiology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Compressive Strength</topic><topic>Computer Simulation</topic><topic>Failure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flexibility</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Injury prevention</topic><topic>Injury tolerance</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maturation</topic><topic>Mechanics</topic><topic>Pediatric injury</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Tensile Strength</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nuckley, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linders, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ching, Randal P</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of biomechanics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nuckley, David J</au><au>Linders, David R</au><au>Ching, Randal P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Developmental biomechanics of the human cervical spine</atitle><jtitle>Journal of biomechanics</jtitle><addtitle>J Biomech</addtitle><date>2013-04-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1147</spage><epage>1154</epage><pages>1147-1154</pages><issn>0021-9290</issn><eissn>1873-2380</eissn><abstract>Abstract Head and neck injuries, the leading cause of death for children in the U.S., are difficult to diagnose, treat, and prevent because of a critical void in our understanding of the biomechanical response of the immature cervical spine. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional and failure biomechanics of the cervical spine across multiple axes of loading throughout maturation. A correlational study design was used to examine the relationships governing spinal maturation and biomechanical flexibility curves and tolerance data using a cadaver human in vitro model. Eleven human cadaver cervical spines from across the developmental spectrum (2–28 years) were dissected into segments (C1-C2, C3-C5, and C6-C7) for biomechanical testing. Non-destructive flexibility tests were performed in tension, compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. After measuring their intact biomechanical responses, each segment group was failed in different modes to measure the tissue tolerance in tension (C1-C2), compression (C3-C5), and extension (C5-C6). Classical injury patterns were observed in all of the specimens tested. Both the functional ( p <0.014) and failure ( p <0.0001) mechanics exhibited significant relationships with age. Nonlinear flexibility curves described the functional response of the cervical spine throughout maturation and elucidated age, spinal level, and mode of loading specificity. These data support our understanding of the child cervical spine from a developmental perspective and facilitate the generation of injury prevention or management schema for the mitigation of child spine injuries and their deleterious effects.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23415075</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.01.005</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of biomechanics, 2013-04, Vol.46 (6), p.1147-1154 |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present); ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Aging - physiology Biomechanical Phenomena Biomechanics Cancer Cervical spine Cervical Vertebrae - physiology Child Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Compressive Strength Computer Simulation Failure Female Flexibility Human Humans Injuries Injury prevention Injury tolerance Male Maturation Mechanics Pediatric injury Pediatrics Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spine Stress, Mechanical Tensile Strength Young Adult |
| title | Developmental biomechanics of the human cervical spine |
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