The Use of the Operand-Recognition Paradigm for the Study of Mental Addition in Older Adults
Determining how individuals solve arithmetic problems is crucial for our understanding of human cognitive architecture. Elderly adults are supposed to use memory retrieval more often than younger ones. However, they might backup their retrieval by reconstructive strategies. In order to investigate t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2013-01, Vol.68 (1), p.64-67 |
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| container_title | The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences |
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| creator | THEVENOT, Catherine CASTEL, Caroline DANJON, Juliette FANGET, Muriel FAYOL, Michel |
| description | Determining how individuals solve arithmetic problems is crucial for our understanding of human cognitive architecture. Elderly adults are supposed to use memory retrieval more often than younger ones. However, they might backup their retrieval by reconstructive strategies. In order to investigate this issue, we used the operand-recognition paradigm, which capitalizes on the fact that algorithmic procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands.
Twenty-three older adults (M = 70.4) and 23 younger adults (M = 20.0) solved easy, difficult, and medium-difficulty addition and comparison problems and were then presented with a recognition task of the operands.
When one-digit numbers with sums larger than 10 were involved (medium-difficulty problem), it was more difficult for younger adults to recognize the operands after addition than comparison. In contrast, in older adults, recognition times of the operands were the same after addition and comparison.
Older adults, in contrast with younger adults, are able to retrieve the results of addition problems of medium difficulty. Contrary to what was suggested, older participants do not seem to resort to backup strategies for such problems. Finally, older adults' reliance on the more efficient retrieval strategy allowed them to catch up to younger adults in terms of solution times. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/geronb/gbs040 |
| format | Article |
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Twenty-three older adults (M = 70.4) and 23 younger adults (M = 20.0) solved easy, difficult, and medium-difficulty addition and comparison problems and were then presented with a recognition task of the operands.
When one-digit numbers with sums larger than 10 were involved (medium-difficulty problem), it was more difficult for younger adults to recognize the operands after addition than comparison. In contrast, in older adults, recognition times of the operands were the same after addition and comparison.
Older adults, in contrast with younger adults, are able to retrieve the results of addition problems of medium difficulty. Contrary to what was suggested, older participants do not seem to resort to backup strategies for such problems. Finally, older adults' reliance on the more efficient retrieval strategy allowed them to catch up to younger adults in terms of solution times.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1079-5014</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1758-5368</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs040</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22454389</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JGBSF3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cary, NC: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Ability tests ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult. Elderly ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging - physiology ; Aging - psychology ; Architecture ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition - physiology ; Cognitive ability ; Comparative analysis ; Developmental psychology ; Elderly people ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gerontology ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematical Concepts ; Mathematical problems ; Memory ; Mental Recall - physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Older people ; Problem Solving - physiology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Recognition (Psychology) - physiology ; Reliance ; Retrieval ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2013-01, Vol.68 (1), p.64-67</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Jan 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-55f98d33dfa2d30383af0b6110ddcec1353dc848959725d1b570af27b8e1bdc43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-55f98d33dfa2d30383af0b6110ddcec1353dc848959725d1b570af27b8e1bdc43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,30980,30981</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27081708$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>THEVENOT, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CASTEL, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DANJON, Juliette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FANGET, Muriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FAYOL, Michel</creatorcontrib><title>The Use of the Operand-Recognition Paradigm for the Study of Mental Addition in Older Adults</title><title>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</title><addtitle>J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci</addtitle><description>Determining how individuals solve arithmetic problems is crucial for our understanding of human cognitive architecture. Elderly adults are supposed to use memory retrieval more often than younger ones. However, they might backup their retrieval by reconstructive strategies. In order to investigate this issue, we used the operand-recognition paradigm, which capitalizes on the fact that algorithmic procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands.
Twenty-three older adults (M = 70.4) and 23 younger adults (M = 20.0) solved easy, difficult, and medium-difficulty addition and comparison problems and were then presented with a recognition task of the operands.
When one-digit numbers with sums larger than 10 were involved (medium-difficulty problem), it was more difficult for younger adults to recognize the operands after addition than comparison. In contrast, in older adults, recognition times of the operands were the same after addition and comparison.
Older adults, in contrast with younger adults, are able to retrieve the results of addition problems of medium difficulty. Contrary to what was suggested, older participants do not seem to resort to backup strategies for such problems. Finally, older adults' reliance on the more efficient retrieval strategy allowed them to catch up to younger adults in terms of solution times.</description><subject>Ability tests</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult. Elderly</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Aging - psychology</subject><subject>Architecture</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Elderly people</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gerontology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical Concepts</subject><subject>Mathematical problems</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Recall - physiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Problem Solving - physiology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Recognition (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Reliance</subject><subject>Retrieval</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1079-5014</issn><issn>1758-5368</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0UtLxDAQB_Agiq6rR69SEMFLdfKyyXERX6Cs-LgJJc1j7dJt1qQ9-O3N2lXBi4GQYfhlYPgjdIDhFIOkZzMbfFudzaoIDDbQCBdc5Jyei81UQyFzDpjtoN0Y55AOLtg22iGEcUaFHKHX5zebvUSbeZd1qZwubVCtyR-t9rO27mrfZg8qKFPPFpnz4Qs9db35WP24t22nmmxizCDrNps2xobU6Zsu7qEtp5po99fvGL1cXT5f3OR30-vbi8ldrpmQXc65k8JQapwihgIVVDmozjEGY7TVmHJqtEiUy4JwgytegHKkqITFldGMjtHJMHcZ_HtvY1cu6qht06jW-j6WmLJCYAmE_k8JAwkUc5zo0R86931o0yIrRZgAIUlS-aB08DEG68plqBcqfJQYylVC5ZBQOSSU_OF6al8trPnR35EkcLwGKmrVuBSHruOvK0DgdOknEZaY7g</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>THEVENOT, Catherine</creator><creator>CASTEL, Caroline</creator><creator>DANJON, Juliette</creator><creator>FANGET, Muriel</creator><creator>FAYOL, Michel</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>The Use of the Operand-Recognition Paradigm for the Study of Mental Addition in Older Adults</title><author>THEVENOT, Catherine ; CASTEL, Caroline ; DANJON, Juliette ; FANGET, Muriel ; FAYOL, Michel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-55f98d33dfa2d30383af0b6110ddcec1353dc848959725d1b570af27b8e1bdc43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Ability tests</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult. Elderly</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Aging - psychology</topic><topic>Architecture</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Elderly people</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gerontology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical Concepts</topic><topic>Mathematical problems</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental Recall - physiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Problem Solving - physiology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Recognition (Psychology) - physiology</topic><topic>Reliance</topic><topic>Retrieval</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>THEVENOT, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CASTEL, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DANJON, Juliette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FANGET, Muriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FAYOL, Michel</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>THEVENOT, Catherine</au><au>CASTEL, Caroline</au><au>DANJON, Juliette</au><au>FANGET, Muriel</au><au>FAYOL, Michel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Use of the Operand-Recognition Paradigm for the Study of Mental Addition in Older Adults</atitle><jtitle>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>64</spage><epage>67</epage><pages>64-67</pages><issn>1079-5014</issn><eissn>1758-5368</eissn><coden>JGBSF3</coden><abstract>Determining how individuals solve arithmetic problems is crucial for our understanding of human cognitive architecture. Elderly adults are supposed to use memory retrieval more often than younger ones. However, they might backup their retrieval by reconstructive strategies. In order to investigate this issue, we used the operand-recognition paradigm, which capitalizes on the fact that algorithmic procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands.
Twenty-three older adults (M = 70.4) and 23 younger adults (M = 20.0) solved easy, difficult, and medium-difficulty addition and comparison problems and were then presented with a recognition task of the operands.
When one-digit numbers with sums larger than 10 were involved (medium-difficulty problem), it was more difficult for younger adults to recognize the operands after addition than comparison. In contrast, in older adults, recognition times of the operands were the same after addition and comparison.
Older adults, in contrast with younger adults, are able to retrieve the results of addition problems of medium difficulty. Contrary to what was suggested, older participants do not seem to resort to backup strategies for such problems. Finally, older adults' reliance on the more efficient retrieval strategy allowed them to catch up to younger adults in terms of solution times.</abstract><cop>Cary, NC</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>22454389</pmid><doi>10.1093/geronb/gbs040</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Ability tests Adolescent Adult Adult. Elderly Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - physiology Aging - psychology Architecture Biological and medical sciences Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Comparative analysis Developmental psychology Elderly people Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gerontology Humans Male Mathematical Concepts Mathematical problems Memory Mental Recall - physiology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Older people Problem Solving - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Recognition (Psychology) - physiology Reliance Retrieval Young Adult |
| title | The Use of the Operand-Recognition Paradigm for the Study of Mental Addition in Older Adults |
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