Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments
Two novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 2013-04, Vol.63 (Pt 4), p.1335-1341 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1341 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | Pt 4 |
| container_start_page | 1335 |
| container_title | International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology |
| container_volume | 63 |
| creator | Jeong, Sang Hyeon Yang, Sung-Hyun Jin, Hyun Mi Kim, Jeong Myeong Kwon, Kae Kyoung Jeon, Che Ok |
| description | Two novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rods. Optimum temperature and pH for growth of both strains were observed to be 35 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, but optimum salinity for strain SPO729T [2–3 % (w/v)] was slightly higher than that for strain GY2T (1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C11 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY2T and SPO729T were 55.1 and 57.9 mol%, respectively, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone from the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains GY2T and SPO729T formed tight phyletic lineages with members of the genus Microbulbifer. Strain GY2T was closely related to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (98.2 %), strain SPO729T (98.0 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.0 %); strain SPO729T was closely related to M. okinawensis ABABA23T (98.3 %) and M. donghaiensis CN85T (98.2 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain GY2T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T, strain SPO729T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 40.0±2.1 %, 13.1±3.9 % and 16.2±5.8 %, respectively, whereas those of strain SPO729T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 48.0±4.0 % and 34.6±9.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular features, it is concluded that the two strains GY2T and SPO729T represent two novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the names Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus are proposed; the type strains are GY2T ( = KACC 16189T = JCM 17800T) and SPO729T ( = KCCM 42667T = JCM 14507T), respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1099/ijs.0.042606-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1326728875</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1326728875</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-d2cc8d325f3d2c959768cd7ae713253fae1a06b384c97b5805a259a22b634ab53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkD1PwzAQhi0EolBYGcEjAwkXO3aSEVV8SUUM0NlyHKdylTjBbor673GV8jWcfDo998r3IHSRQJxAUdyalY8hhpRw4BEcoJMk5TxiQNPDP_0EnXq_AggDgGM0ISQrcs74CWpfjHJdOTSlqbXDy09pl9tQ2nrjse9jbLtNjKWt8H-yl8rURg2_0A02vmvkWle4dl2LW-mM1VjbjXGdbbVd-zN0VMvG6_P9O0WLh_v32VM0f318nt3NI0Vzto4qolReUcJqGtqCFRnPVZVJnSVhSGupEwm8pHmqiqxkOTBJWCEJKTlNZcnoFF2Pub3rPgbt16I1XummkVZ3gxchhmckz7MdGo9oOM57p2vROxO-vhUJiJ1iERQLEKNiAWHhcp89lK2ufvBvpwG4GoFadkIunfFi8UYgYTv_4T5CvwDDbYG1</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1326728875</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Microbiology Society</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Jeong, Sang Hyeon ; Yang, Sung-Hyun ; Jin, Hyun Mi ; Kim, Jeong Myeong ; Kwon, Kae Kyoung ; Jeon, Che Ok</creator><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Sang Hyeon ; Yang, Sung-Hyun ; Jin, Hyun Mi ; Kim, Jeong Myeong ; Kwon, Kae Kyoung ; Jeon, Che Ok</creatorcontrib><description>Two novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rods. Optimum temperature and pH for growth of both strains were observed to be 35 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, but optimum salinity for strain SPO729T [2–3 % (w/v)] was slightly higher than that for strain GY2T (1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C11 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY2T and SPO729T were 55.1 and 57.9 mol%, respectively, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone from the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains GY2T and SPO729T formed tight phyletic lineages with members of the genus Microbulbifer. Strain GY2T was closely related to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (98.2 %), strain SPO729T (98.0 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.0 %); strain SPO729T was closely related to M. okinawensis ABABA23T (98.3 %) and M. donghaiensis CN85T (98.2 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain GY2T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T, strain SPO729T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 40.0±2.1 %, 13.1±3.9 % and 16.2±5.8 %, respectively, whereas those of strain SPO729T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 48.0±4.0 % and 34.6±9.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular features, it is concluded that the two strains GY2T and SPO729T represent two novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the names Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus are proposed; the type strains are GY2T ( = KACC 16189T = JCM 17800T) and SPO729T ( = KCCM 42667T = JCM 14507T), respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1466-5034</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1466-5026</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1466-5034</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.042606-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22798656</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: International Union of Microbiological Societies</publisher><subject>Alteromonadaceae - classification ; Alteromonadaceae - genetics ; Alteromonadaceae - isolation & purification ; bacteria ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Composition ; Bays - microbiology ; DNA ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; fatty acids ; Fatty Acids - analysis ; Geologic Sediments - microbiology ; marine environment ; Microbulbifer ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; nucleotide sequences ; Phylogeny ; Porifera ; Republic of Korea ; ribosomal RNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; salinity ; salt tolerance ; Seawater - microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; temperature ; Ubiquinone - analysis ; ubiquinones ; Water Microbiology</subject><ispartof>International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2013-04, Vol.63 (Pt 4), p.1335-1341</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-d2cc8d325f3d2c959768cd7ae713253fae1a06b384c97b5805a259a22b634ab53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-d2cc8d325f3d2c959768cd7ae713253fae1a06b384c97b5805a259a22b634ab53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3733,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798656$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Sang Hyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Sung-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Hyun Mi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jeong Myeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Kae Kyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeon, Che Ok</creatorcontrib><title>Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments</title><title>International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology</title><addtitle>Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</addtitle><description>Two novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rods. Optimum temperature and pH for growth of both strains were observed to be 35 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, but optimum salinity for strain SPO729T [2–3 % (w/v)] was slightly higher than that for strain GY2T (1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C11 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY2T and SPO729T were 55.1 and 57.9 mol%, respectively, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone from the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains GY2T and SPO729T formed tight phyletic lineages with members of the genus Microbulbifer. Strain GY2T was closely related to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (98.2 %), strain SPO729T (98.0 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.0 %); strain SPO729T was closely related to M. okinawensis ABABA23T (98.3 %) and M. donghaiensis CN85T (98.2 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain GY2T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T, strain SPO729T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 40.0±2.1 %, 13.1±3.9 % and 16.2±5.8 %, respectively, whereas those of strain SPO729T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 48.0±4.0 % and 34.6±9.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular features, it is concluded that the two strains GY2T and SPO729T represent two novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the names Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus are proposed; the type strains are GY2T ( = KACC 16189T = JCM 17800T) and SPO729T ( = KCCM 42667T = JCM 14507T), respectively.</description><subject>Alteromonadaceae - classification</subject><subject>Alteromonadaceae - genetics</subject><subject>Alteromonadaceae - isolation & purification</subject><subject>bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial Typing Techniques</subject><subject>Base Composition</subject><subject>Bays - microbiology</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments - microbiology</subject><subject>marine environment</subject><subject>Microbulbifer</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Nucleic Acid Hybridization</subject><subject>nucleotide sequences</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Porifera</subject><subject>Republic of Korea</subject><subject>ribosomal RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>salinity</subject><subject>salt tolerance</subject><subject>Seawater - microbiology</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>Ubiquinone - analysis</subject><subject>ubiquinones</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><issn>1466-5034</issn><issn>1466-5026</issn><issn>1466-5034</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkD1PwzAQhi0EolBYGcEjAwkXO3aSEVV8SUUM0NlyHKdylTjBbor673GV8jWcfDo998r3IHSRQJxAUdyalY8hhpRw4BEcoJMk5TxiQNPDP_0EnXq_AggDgGM0ISQrcs74CWpfjHJdOTSlqbXDy09pl9tQ2nrjse9jbLtNjKWt8H-yl8rURg2_0A02vmvkWle4dl2LW-mM1VjbjXGdbbVd-zN0VMvG6_P9O0WLh_v32VM0f318nt3NI0Vzto4qolReUcJqGtqCFRnPVZVJnSVhSGupEwm8pHmqiqxkOTBJWCEJKTlNZcnoFF2Pub3rPgbt16I1XummkVZ3gxchhmckz7MdGo9oOM57p2vROxO-vhUJiJ1iERQLEKNiAWHhcp89lK2ufvBvpwG4GoFadkIunfFi8UYgYTv_4T5CvwDDbYG1</recordid><startdate>20130401</startdate><enddate>20130401</enddate><creator>Jeong, Sang Hyeon</creator><creator>Yang, Sung-Hyun</creator><creator>Jin, Hyun Mi</creator><creator>Kim, Jeong Myeong</creator><creator>Kwon, Kae Kyoung</creator><creator>Jeon, Che Ok</creator><general>International Union of Microbiological Societies</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130401</creationdate><title>Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments</title><author>Jeong, Sang Hyeon ; Yang, Sung-Hyun ; Jin, Hyun Mi ; Kim, Jeong Myeong ; Kwon, Kae Kyoung ; Jeon, Che Ok</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-d2cc8d325f3d2c959768cd7ae713253fae1a06b384c97b5805a259a22b634ab53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Alteromonadaceae - classification</topic><topic>Alteromonadaceae - genetics</topic><topic>Alteromonadaceae - isolation & purification</topic><topic>bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial Typing Techniques</topic><topic>Base Composition</topic><topic>Bays - microbiology</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Geologic Sediments - microbiology</topic><topic>marine environment</topic><topic>Microbulbifer</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Nucleic Acid Hybridization</topic><topic>nucleotide sequences</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Porifera</topic><topic>Republic of Korea</topic><topic>ribosomal RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</topic><topic>salinity</topic><topic>salt tolerance</topic><topic>Seawater - microbiology</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>temperature</topic><topic>Ubiquinone - analysis</topic><topic>ubiquinones</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Sang Hyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Sung-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Hyun Mi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jeong Myeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Kae Kyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeon, Che Ok</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jeong, Sang Hyeon</au><au>Yang, Sung-Hyun</au><au>Jin, Hyun Mi</au><au>Kim, Jeong Myeong</au><au>Kwon, Kae Kyoung</au><au>Jeon, Che Ok</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments</atitle><jtitle>International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</addtitle><date>2013-04-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>Pt 4</issue><spage>1335</spage><epage>1341</epage><pages>1335-1341</pages><issn>1466-5034</issn><issn>1466-5026</issn><eissn>1466-5034</eissn><abstract>Two novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rods. Optimum temperature and pH for growth of both strains were observed to be 35 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, but optimum salinity for strain SPO729T [2–3 % (w/v)] was slightly higher than that for strain GY2T (1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C11 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY2T and SPO729T were 55.1 and 57.9 mol%, respectively, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone from the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains GY2T and SPO729T formed tight phyletic lineages with members of the genus Microbulbifer. Strain GY2T was closely related to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (98.2 %), strain SPO729T (98.0 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.0 %); strain SPO729T was closely related to M. okinawensis ABABA23T (98.3 %) and M. donghaiensis CN85T (98.2 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain GY2T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T, strain SPO729T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 40.0±2.1 %, 13.1±3.9 % and 16.2±5.8 %, respectively, whereas those of strain SPO729T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 48.0±4.0 % and 34.6±9.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular features, it is concluded that the two strains GY2T and SPO729T represent two novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the names Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus are proposed; the type strains are GY2T ( = KACC 16189T = JCM 17800T) and SPO729T ( = KCCM 42667T = JCM 14507T), respectively.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>International Union of Microbiological Societies</pub><pmid>22798656</pmid><doi>10.1099/ijs.0.042606-0</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1466-5034 |
| ispartof | International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2013-04, Vol.63 (Pt 4), p.1335-1341 |
| issn | 1466-5034 1466-5026 1466-5034 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1326728875 |
| source | MEDLINE; Microbiology Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Alteromonadaceae - classification Alteromonadaceae - genetics Alteromonadaceae - isolation & purification bacteria Bacterial Typing Techniques Base Composition Bays - microbiology DNA DNA, Bacterial - genetics fatty acids Fatty Acids - analysis Geologic Sediments - microbiology marine environment Microbulbifer Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Hybridization nucleotide sequences Phylogeny Porifera Republic of Korea ribosomal RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics salinity salt tolerance Seawater - microbiology Sequence Analysis, DNA temperature Ubiquinone - analysis ubiquinones Water Microbiology |
| title | Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T21%3A30%3A17IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microbulbifer%20gwangyangensis%20sp.%20nov.%20and%20Microbulbifer%20pacificus%20sp.%20nov.,%20isolated%20from%20marine%20environments&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20systematic%20and%20evolutionary%20microbiology&rft.au=Jeong,%20Sang%20Hyeon&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=Pt%204&rft.spage=1335&rft.epage=1341&rft.pages=1335-1341&rft.issn=1466-5034&rft.eissn=1466-5034&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099/ijs.0.042606-0&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1326728875%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1326728875&rft_id=info:pmid/22798656&rfr_iscdi=true |