Impact of urbanization on the air pollution “holiday effect” in Taiwan
The spatio-temporal characteristics of the “holiday effect”, defined as the difference in air pollutant concentrations between the holiday (Chinese New Year) and non-holiday periods during 1994–2008, and its association with the degree of urbanization in Taiwan are examined. Daily surface measuremen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Atmospheric environment (1994) 2013-05, Vol.70, p.361-375 |
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| creator | Tan, Pei-Hua Chou, Chia Chou, Charles C.-K. |
| description | The spatio-temporal characteristics of the “holiday effect”, defined as the difference in air pollutant concentrations between the holiday (Chinese New Year) and non-holiday periods during 1994–2008, and its association with the degree of urbanization in Taiwan are examined. Daily surface measurements of six major pollutants from 54 monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration are used. Holiday effects are found for almost all air pollutants in all divisions and individual stations. A widespread holiday effect with consistent signs suggests a high degree of urbanization over Taiwan. Holiday effects are stronger in the west than in the east, due to urban-rural differences, and have a distinct north–south difference in the west, due to different emission sources. In the spatial distribution, as the population (motor vehicle) number in the division increases, holiday effects of NOx, CO and NMHC are intensified. Holiday effects of pollutants can also be stronger when the associated dominant anthropogenic sources in the division have larger emissions. Both imply the association of a stronger holiday effect with a higher degree of urbanization in the division. In the temporal variation, on the other hand, holiday effects and pollutant concentrations tend to weaken and reduce in almost all the urban divisions for all six pollutants except O3. These weakening trends imply possible contributions of other effects, such as the mature state of urbanization for the urban division, the effective pollution-control measures and behavioral pattern changes.
► Holiday effects are found for almost all six pollutants over six divisions in Taiwan. ► The strength of the holiday effect is mainly caused by the degree of urbanization. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to population and vehicle number. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to anthropogenic sources. ► Normalized holiday effects by population are mostly weakening in the urban divisions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.008 |
| format | Article |
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► Holiday effects are found for almost all six pollutants over six divisions in Taiwan. ► The strength of the holiday effect is mainly caused by the degree of urbanization. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to population and vehicle number. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to anthropogenic sources. ► Normalized holiday effects by population are mostly weakening in the urban divisions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-2310</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.008</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic source ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Carbon monoxide ; Division ; Exact sciences and technology ; Holiday effect ; Industrialization ; Monitoring ; Pollutants ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution ; Pollution sources ; Sector emission ; Spatial distribution ; Stations ; Urbanization ; Weekend effect</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric environment (1994), 2013-05, Vol.70, p.361-375</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45ba768b260a8d689f2453e55fa88ba767c54b4dc2b51cbd7b6e848c03f184cb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45ba768b260a8d689f2453e55fa88ba767c54b4dc2b51cbd7b6e848c03f184cb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013000198$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27166696$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tan, Pei-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Chia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Charles C.-K.</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of urbanization on the air pollution “holiday effect” in Taiwan</title><title>Atmospheric environment (1994)</title><description>The spatio-temporal characteristics of the “holiday effect”, defined as the difference in air pollutant concentrations between the holiday (Chinese New Year) and non-holiday periods during 1994–2008, and its association with the degree of urbanization in Taiwan are examined. Daily surface measurements of six major pollutants from 54 monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration are used. Holiday effects are found for almost all air pollutants in all divisions and individual stations. A widespread holiday effect with consistent signs suggests a high degree of urbanization over Taiwan. Holiday effects are stronger in the west than in the east, due to urban-rural differences, and have a distinct north–south difference in the west, due to different emission sources. In the spatial distribution, as the population (motor vehicle) number in the division increases, holiday effects of NOx, CO and NMHC are intensified. Holiday effects of pollutants can also be stronger when the associated dominant anthropogenic sources in the division have larger emissions. Both imply the association of a stronger holiday effect with a higher degree of urbanization in the division. In the temporal variation, on the other hand, holiday effects and pollutant concentrations tend to weaken and reduce in almost all the urban divisions for all six pollutants except O3. These weakening trends imply possible contributions of other effects, such as the mature state of urbanization for the urban division, the effective pollution-control measures and behavioral pattern changes.
► Holiday effects are found for almost all six pollutants over six divisions in Taiwan. ► The strength of the holiday effect is mainly caused by the degree of urbanization. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to population and vehicle number. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to anthropogenic sources. ► Normalized holiday effects by population are mostly weakening in the urban divisions.</description><subject>Anthropogenic source</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Division</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Holiday effect</subject><subject>Industrialization</subject><subject>Monitoring</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Sector emission</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Stations</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><subject>Weekend effect</subject><issn>1352-2310</issn><issn>1873-2844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1Kw0AQx4MoWKuvILkIXhL3I9nd3JTiR6XgpZ6XyWaXbkmzdTep1FMfRF-uT2Jqq1dhYIaZ_8yf-UXRJUYpRpjdzFNoFy7oZpUShGmKcIqQOIoGWHCaEJFlx31Nc5IQitFpdBbCHCFEecEH0fN4sQTVxs7EnS-hsR_QWtfEfbQzHYP18dLVdffT3G4-Z662FaxjbYxW7XbzFdsmnoJ9h-Y8OjFQB31xyMPo9eF-OnpKJi-P49HdJFGU522S5SVwJkrCEIiKicKQLKc6zw0IsRtxlWdlVilS5liVFS-ZFplQiBosMlXSYXS9v7v07q3ToZULG5Sua2i064LElFCBGC14L2V7qfIuBK-NXHq7AL-WGMkdPDmXv_DkDp5EWPbw-sWrgwcEBbXx0Cgb_rYJx4yxgvW6271O9w-vrPYyKKsbpSvrez6ycvY_q29tmIrH</recordid><startdate>20130501</startdate><enddate>20130501</enddate><creator>Tan, Pei-Hua</creator><creator>Chou, Chia</creator><creator>Chou, Charles C.-K.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130501</creationdate><title>Impact of urbanization on the air pollution “holiday effect” in Taiwan</title><author>Tan, Pei-Hua ; Chou, Chia ; Chou, Charles C.-K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45ba768b260a8d689f2453e55fa88ba767c54b4dc2b51cbd7b6e848c03f184cb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic source</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Carbon monoxide</topic><topic>Division</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Holiday effect</topic><topic>Industrialization</topic><topic>Monitoring</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Sector emission</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Stations</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><topic>Weekend effect</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tan, Pei-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Chia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Charles C.-K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tan, Pei-Hua</au><au>Chou, Chia</au><au>Chou, Charles C.-K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of urbanization on the air pollution “holiday effect” in Taiwan</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle><date>2013-05-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>70</volume><spage>361</spage><epage>375</epage><pages>361-375</pages><issn>1352-2310</issn><eissn>1873-2844</eissn><abstract>The spatio-temporal characteristics of the “holiday effect”, defined as the difference in air pollutant concentrations between the holiday (Chinese New Year) and non-holiday periods during 1994–2008, and its association with the degree of urbanization in Taiwan are examined. Daily surface measurements of six major pollutants from 54 monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration are used. Holiday effects are found for almost all air pollutants in all divisions and individual stations. A widespread holiday effect with consistent signs suggests a high degree of urbanization over Taiwan. Holiday effects are stronger in the west than in the east, due to urban-rural differences, and have a distinct north–south difference in the west, due to different emission sources. In the spatial distribution, as the population (motor vehicle) number in the division increases, holiday effects of NOx, CO and NMHC are intensified. Holiday effects of pollutants can also be stronger when the associated dominant anthropogenic sources in the division have larger emissions. Both imply the association of a stronger holiday effect with a higher degree of urbanization in the division. In the temporal variation, on the other hand, holiday effects and pollutant concentrations tend to weaken and reduce in almost all the urban divisions for all six pollutants except O3. These weakening trends imply possible contributions of other effects, such as the mature state of urbanization for the urban division, the effective pollution-control measures and behavioral pattern changes.
► Holiday effects are found for almost all six pollutants over six divisions in Taiwan. ► The strength of the holiday effect is mainly caused by the degree of urbanization. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to population and vehicle number. ► The degree of division urbanization is related to anthropogenic sources. ► Normalized holiday effects by population are mostly weakening in the urban divisions.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.008</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anthropogenic source Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Carbon monoxide Division Exact sciences and technology Holiday effect Industrialization Monitoring Pollutants Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution Pollution Pollution sources Sector emission Spatial distribution Stations Urbanization Weekend effect |
| title | Impact of urbanization on the air pollution “holiday effect” in Taiwan |
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